Commit Graph

3604 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Hugh Dickins
62eede62da mm: ZERO_PAGE without PTE_SPECIAL
Reinstate anonymous use of ZERO_PAGE to all architectures, not just to
those which __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL: as suggested by Nick Piggin.

Contrary to how I'd imagined it, there's nothing ugly about this, just a
zero_pfn test built into one or another block of vm_normal_page().

But the MIPS ZERO_PAGE-of-many-colours case demands is_zero_pfn() and
my_zero_pfn() inlines.  Reinstate its mremap move_pte() shuffling of
ZERO_PAGEs we did from 2.6.17 to 2.6.19?  Not unless someone shouts for
that: it would have to take vm_flags to weed out some cases.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:41 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
3ae77f43b1 mm: hugetlbfs_pagecache_present
Rename hugetlbfs_backed() to hugetlbfs_pagecache_present()
and add more comments, as suggested by Mel Gorman.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:41 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
6e919717c8 mm: m(un)lock avoid ZERO_PAGE
I'm still reluctant to clutter __get_user_pages() with another flag, just
to avoid touching ZERO_PAGE count in mlock(); though we can add that later
if it shows up as an issue in practice.

But when mlocking, we can test page->mapping slightly earlier, to avoid
the potentially bouncy rescheduling of lock_page on ZERO_PAGE - mlock
didn't lock_page in olden ZERO_PAGE days, so we might have regressed.

And when munlocking, it turns out that FOLL_DUMP coincidentally does
what's needed to avoid all updates to ZERO_PAGE, so use that here also.
Plus add comment suggested by KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
58fa879e1e mm: FOLL flags for GUP flags
__get_user_pages() has been taking its own GUP flags, then processing
them into FOLL flags for follow_page().  Though oddly named, the FOLL
flags are more widely used, so pass them to __get_user_pages() now.
Sorry, VM flags, VM_FAULT flags and FAULT_FLAGs are still distinct.

(The patch to __get_user_pages() looks peculiar, with both gup_flags
and foll_flags: the gup_flags remain constant; but as before there's
an exceptional case, out of scope of the patch, in which foll_flags
per page have FOLL_WRITE masked off.)

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
a13ea5b759 mm: reinstate ZERO_PAGE
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki has observed customers of earlier kernels taking
advantage of the ZERO_PAGE: which we stopped do_anonymous_page() from
using in 2.6.24.  And there were a couple of regression reports on LKML.

Following suggestions from Linus, reinstate do_anonymous_page() use of
the ZERO_PAGE; but this time avoid dirtying its struct page cacheline
with (map)count updates - let vm_normal_page() regard it as abnormal.

Use it only on arches which __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL (x86, s390, sh32,
most powerpc): that's not essential, but minimizes additional branches
(keeping them in the unlikely pte_special case); and incidentally
excludes mips (some models of which needed eight colours of ZERO_PAGE
to avoid costly exceptions).

Don't be fanatical about avoiding ZERO_PAGE updates: get_user_pages()
callers won't want to make exceptions for it, so increment its count
there.  Changes to mlock and migration? happily seems not needed.

In most places it's quicker to check pfn than struct page address:
prepare a __read_mostly zero_pfn for that.  Does get_dump_page()
still need its ZERO_PAGE check? probably not, but keep it anyway.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
1ac0cb5d0e mm: fix anonymous dirtying
do_anonymous_page() has been wrong to dirty the pte regardless.
If it's not going to mark the pte writable, then it won't help
to mark it dirty here, and clogs up memory with pages which will
need swap instead of being thrown away.  Especially wrong if no
overcommit is chosen, and this vma is not yet VM_ACCOUNTed -
we could exceed the limit and OOM despite no overcommit.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
2a15efc953 mm: follow_hugetlb_page flags
follow_hugetlb_page() shouldn't be guessing about the coredump case
either: pass the foll_flags down to it, instead of just the write bit.

Remove that obscure huge_zeropage_ok() test.  The decision is easy,
though unlike the non-huge case - here vm_ops->fault is always set.
But we know that a fault would serve up zeroes, unless there's
already a hugetlbfs pagecache page to back the range.

(Alternatively, since hugetlb pages aren't swapped out under pressure,
you could save more dump space by arguing that a page not yet faulted
into this process cannot be relevant to the dump; but that would be
more surprising.)

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
8e4b9a6071 mm: FOLL_DUMP replace FOLL_ANON
The "FOLL_ANON optimization" and its use_zero_page() test have caused
confusion and bugs: why does it test VM_SHARED? for the very good but
unsatisfying reason that VMware crashed without.  As we look to maybe
reinstating anonymous use of the ZERO_PAGE, we need to sort this out.

Easily done: it's silly for __get_user_pages() and follow_page() to
be guessing whether it's safe to assume that they're being used for
a coredump (which can take a shortcut snapshot where other uses must
handle a fault) - just tell them with GUP_FLAGS_DUMP and FOLL_DUMP.

get_dump_page() doesn't even want a ZERO_PAGE: an error suits fine.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
f3e8fccd06 mm: add get_dump_page
In preparation for the next patch, add a simple get_dump_page(addr)
interface for the CONFIG_ELF_CORE dumpers to use, instead of calling
get_user_pages() directly.  They're not interested in errors: they
just want to use holes as much as possible, to save space and make
sure that the data is aligned where the headers said it would be.

Oh, and don't use that horrid DUMP_SEEK(off) macro!

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
1c3aff1cee mm: remove unused GUP flags
GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS and GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_SIGKILL were
flags added solely to prevent __get_user_pages() from doing some of
what it usually does, in the munlock case: we can now remove them.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
408e82b78b mm: munlock use follow_page
Hiroaki Wakabayashi points out that when mlock() has been interrupted
by SIGKILL, the subsequent munlock() takes unnecessarily long because
its use of __get_user_pages() insists on faulting in all the pages
which mlock() never reached.

It's worse than slowness if mlock() is terminated by Out Of Memory kill:
the munlock_vma_pages_all() in exit_mmap() insists on faulting in all the
pages which mlock() could not find memory for; so innocent bystanders are
killed too, and perhaps the system hangs.

__get_user_pages() does a lot that's silly for munlock(): so remove the
munlock option from __mlock_vma_pages_range(), and use a simple loop of
follow_page()s in munlock_vma_pages_range() instead; ignoring absent
pages, and not marking present pages as accessed or dirty.

(Change munlock() to only go so far as mlock() reached?  That does not
work out, given the convention that mlock() claims complete success even
when it has to give up early - in part so that an underlying file can be
extended later, and those pages locked which earlier would give SIGBUS.)

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Hiroaki Wakabayashi <primulaelatior@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:40 -07:00
Mel Gorman
a6f9edd65b page-allocator: maintain rolling count of pages to free from the PCP
When round-robin freeing pages from the PCP lists, empty lists may be
encountered.  In the event one of the lists has more pages than another,
there may be numerous checks for list_empty() which is undesirable.  This
patch maintains a count of pages to free which is incremented when empty
lists are encountered.  The intention is that more pages will then be
freed from fuller lists than the empty ones reducing the number of empty
list checks in the free path.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
Mel Gorman
5f8dcc2121 page-allocator: split per-cpu list into one-list-per-migrate-type
The following two patches remove searching in the page allocator fast-path
by maintaining multiple free-lists in the per-cpu structure.  At the time
the search was introduced, increasing the per-cpu structures would waste a
lot of memory as per-cpu structures were statically allocated at
compile-time.  This is no longer the case.

The patches are as follows. They are based on mmotm-2009-08-27.

Patch 1 adds multiple lists to struct per_cpu_pages, one per
	migratetype that can be stored on the PCP lists.

Patch 2 notes that the pcpu drain path check empty lists multiple times. The
	patch reduces the number of checks by maintaining a count of free
	lists encountered. Lists containing pages will then free multiple
	pages in batch

The patches were tested with kernbench, netperf udp/tcp, hackbench and
sysbench.  The netperf tests were not bound to any CPU in particular and
were run such that the results should be 99% confidence that the reported
results are within 1% of the estimated mean.  sysbench was run with a
postgres background and read-only tests.  Similar to netperf, it was run
multiple times so that it's 99% confidence results are within 1%.  The
patches were tested on x86, x86-64 and ppc64 as

x86:	Intel Pentium D 3GHz with 8G RAM (no-brand machine)
	kernbench	- No significant difference, variance well within noise
	netperf-udp	- 1.34% to 2.28% gain
	netperf-tcp	- 0.45% to 1.22% gain
	hackbench	- Small variances, very close to noise
	sysbench	- Very small gains

x86-64:	AMD Phenom 9950 1.3GHz with 8G RAM (no-brand machine)
	kernbench	- No significant difference, variance well within noise
	netperf-udp	- 1.83% to 10.42% gains
	netperf-tcp	- No conclusive until buffer >= PAGE_SIZE
				4096	+15.83%
				8192	+ 0.34% (not significant)
				16384	+ 1%
	hackbench	- Small gains, very close to noise
	sysbench	- 0.79% to 1.6% gain

ppc64:	PPC970MP 2.5GHz with 10GB RAM (it's a terrasoft powerstation)
	kernbench	- No significant difference, variance well within noise
	netperf-udp	- 2-3% gain for almost all buffer sizes tested
	netperf-tcp	- losses on small buffers, gains on larger buffers
			  possibly indicates some bad caching effect.
	hackbench	- No significant difference
	sysbench	- 2-4% gain

This patch:

Currently the per-cpu page allocator searches the PCP list for pages of
the correct migrate-type to reduce the possibility of pages being
inappropriate placed from a fragmentation perspective.  This search is
potentially expensive in a fast-path and undesirable.  Splitting the
per-cpu list into multiple lists increases the size of a per-cpu structure
and this was potentially a major problem at the time the search was
introduced.  These problem has been mitigated as now only the necessary
number of structures is allocated for the running system.

This patch replaces a list search in the per-cpu allocator with one list
per migrate type.  The potential snag with this approach is when bulk
freeing pages.  We round-robin free pages based on migrate type which has
little bearing on the cache hotness of the page and potentially checks
empty lists repeatedly in the event the majority of PCP pages are of one
type.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
8c5cd6f3a1 oom: oom_kill doesn't kill vfork parent (or child)
Current oom_kill doesn't only kill the victim process, but also kill all
thas shread the same mm.  it mean vfork parent will be killed.

This is definitely incorrect.  another process have another oom_adj.  we
shouldn't ignore their oom_adj (it might have OOM_DISABLE).

following caller hit the minefield.

===============================
        switch (constraint) {
        case CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY:
                oom_kill_process(current, gfp_mask, order, 0, NULL,
                                "No available memory (MPOL_BIND)");
                break;

Note: force_sig(SIGKILL) send SIGKILL to all thread in the process.
We don't need to care multi thread in here.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
495789a51a oom: make oom_score to per-process value
oom-killer kills a process, not task.  Then oom_score should be calculated
as per-process too.  it makes consistency more and makes speed up
select_bad_process().

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
28b83c5193 oom: move oom_adj value from task_struct to signal_struct
Currently, OOM logic callflow is here.

    __out_of_memory()
        select_bad_process()            for each task
            badness()                   calculate badness of one task
                oom_kill_process()      search child
                    oom_kill_task()     kill target task and mm shared tasks with it

example, process-A have two thread, thread-A and thread-B and it have very
fat memory and each thread have following oom_adj and oom_score.

     thread-A: oom_adj = OOM_DISABLE, oom_score = 0
     thread-B: oom_adj = 0,           oom_score = very-high

Then, select_bad_process() select thread-B, but oom_kill_task() refuse
kill the task because thread-A have OOM_DISABLE.  Thus __out_of_memory()
call select_bad_process() again.  but select_bad_process() select the same
task.  It mean kernel fall in livelock.

The fact is, select_bad_process() must select killable task.  otherwise
OOM logic go into livelock.

And root cause is, oom_adj shouldn't be per-thread value.  it should be
per-process value because OOM-killer kill a process, not thread.  Thus
This patch moves oomkilladj (now more appropriately named oom_adj) from
struct task_struct to struct signal_struct.  it naturally prevent
select_bad_process() choose wrong task.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
Vincent Li
f168e1b639 mm/vmscan: remove page_queue_congested() comment
Commit 084f71ae5c(kill page_queue_congested()) removed
page_queue_congested().  Remove the page_queue_congested() comment in
vmscan pageout() too.

Signed-off-by: Vincent Li <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
Wu Fengguang
f862963174 mm: do batched scans for mem_cgroup
For mem_cgroup, shrink_zone() may call shrink_list() with nr_to_scan=1, in
which case shrink_list() _still_ calls isolate_pages() with the much
larger SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX.  It effectively scales up the inactive list scan
rate by up to 32 times.

For example, with 16k inactive pages and DEF_PRIORITY=12, (16k >> 12)=4.
So when shrink_zone() expects to scan 4 pages in the active/inactive list,
the active list will be scanned 4 pages, while the inactive list will be
(over) scanned SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX=32 pages in effect.  And that could break
the balance between the two lists.

It can further impact the scan of anon active list, due to the anon
active/inactive ratio rebalance logic in balance_pgdat()/shrink_zone():

inactive anon list over scanned => inactive_anon_is_low() == TRUE
                                => shrink_active_list()
                                => active anon list over scanned

So the end result may be

- anon inactive  => over scanned
- anon active    => over scanned (maybe not as much)
- file inactive  => over scanned
- file active    => under scanned (relatively)

The accesses to nr_saved_scan are not lock protected and so not 100%
accurate, however we can tolerate small errors and the resulted small
imbalanced scan rates between zones.

Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:39 -07:00
Vincent Li
0b21767637 mm/vmscan: rename zone_nr_pages() to zone_nr_lru_pages()
The name `zone_nr_pages' can be mis-read as zone's (total) number pages,
but it actually returns zone's LRU list number pages.

Signed-off-by: Vincent Li <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Jan Beulich
2c85f51d22 mm: also use alloc_large_system_hash() for the PID hash table
This is being done by allowing boot time allocations to specify that they
may want a sub-page sized amount of memory.

Overall this seems more consistent with the other hash table allocations,
and allows making two supposedly mm-only variables really mm-only
(nr_{kernel,all}_pages).

Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Jan Beulich
4481374ce8 mm: replace various uses of num_physpages by totalram_pages
Sizing of memory allocations shouldn't depend on the number of physical
pages found in a system, as that generally includes (perhaps a huge amount
of) non-RAM pages.  The amount of what actually is usable as storage
should instead be used as a basis here.

Some of the calculations (i.e.  those not intending to use high memory)
should likely even use (totalram_pages - totalhigh_pages).

Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Jan Beulich
4738e1b9cf memory hotplug: fix updating of num_physpages for hot plugged memory
Sizing of memory allocations shouldn't depend on the number of physical
pages found in a system, as that generally includes (perhaps a huge amount
of) non-RAM pages.  The amount of what actually is usable as storage
should instead be used as a basis here.

In line with that, the memory hotplug code should update num_physpages in
a way that it retains its original (post-boot) meaning; in particular,
decreasing the value should at best be done with great care - this patch
doesn't try to ever decrease this value at all as it doesn't really seem
meaningful to do so.

Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Mel Gorman
78986a678f page-allocator: limit the number of MIGRATE_RESERVE pageblocks per zone
After anti-fragmentation was merged, a bug was reported whereby devices
that depended on high-order atomic allocations were failing.  The solution
was to preserve a property in the buddy allocator which tended to keep the
minimum number of free pages in the zone at the lower physical addresses
and contiguous.  To preserve this property, MIGRATE_RESERVE was introduced
and a number of pageblocks at the start of a zone would be marked
"reserve", the number of which depended on min_free_kbytes.

Anti-fragmentation works by avoiding the mixing of page migratetypes
within the same pageblock.  One way of helping this is to increase
min_free_kbytes because it becomes less like that it will be necessary to
place pages of of MIGRATE_RESERVE is unbounded, the free memory is kept
there in large contiguous blocks instead of helping anti-fragmentation as
much as it should.  With the page-allocator tracepoint patches applied, it
was found during anti-fragmentation tests that the number of
fragmentation-related events were far higher than expected even with
min_free_kbytes at higher values.

This patch limits the number of MIGRATE_RESERVE blocks that exist per zone
to two.  For example, with a sufficient min_free_kbytes, 4MB of memory
will be kept aside on an x86-64 and remain more or less free and
contiguous for the systems uptime.  This should be sufficient for devices
depending on high-order atomic allocations while helping fragmentation
control when min_free_kbytes is tuned appropriately.  As side-effect of
this patch is that the reserve variable is converted to int as unsigned
long was the wrong type to use when ensuring that only the required number
of reserve blocks are created.

With the patches applied, fragmentation-related events as measured by the
page allocator tracepoints were significantly reduced when running some
fragmentation stress-tests on systems with min_free_kbytes tuned to a
value appropriate for hugepage allocations at runtime.  On x86, the events
recorded were reduced by 99.8%, on x86-64 by 99.72% and on ppc64 by
99.83%.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
ceddc3a52d mm: document is_page_cache_freeable()
Enlighten the reader of this code about what reference count makes a page
cache page freeable.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
edcf4748cd mm: return boolean from page_has_private()
Make page_has_private() return a true boolean value and remove the double
negations from the two callsites using it for arithmetic.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:38 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
6c0b13519d mm: return boolean from page_is_file_cache()
page_is_file_cache() has been used for both boolean checks and LRU
arithmetic, which was always a bit weird.

Now that page_lru_base_type() exists for LRU arithmetic, make
page_is_file_cache() a real predicate function and adjust the
boolean-using callsites to drop those pesky double negations.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:37 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
401a8e1c16 mm: introduce page_lru_base_type()
Instead of abusing page_is_file_cache() for LRU list index arithmetic, add
another helper with a more appropriate name and convert the non-boolean
users of page_is_file_cache() accordingly.

This new helper gives the LRU base type a page is supposed to live on,
inactive anon or inactive file.

[hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk: convert del_page_from_lru() also]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
b7c46d151c mm: drop unneeded double negations
Remove double negations where the operand is already boolean.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Sage Weil
bba7881954 mm: remove broken 'kzalloc' mempool
The kzalloc mempool zeros items when they are initially allocated, but
does not rezero used items that are returned to the pool.  Consequently
mempool_alloc()s may return non-zeroed memory.

Since there are/were only two in-tree users for
mempool_create_kzalloc_pool(), and 'fixing' this in a way that will
re-zero used (but not new) items before first use is non-trivial, just
remove it.

Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Jaswinder Singh Rajput
72ff13b703 mm: includecheck fix for mm/nommu.c
Fix the following 'make includecheck' warning:

  mm/nommu.c: internal.h is included more than once.

Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Jaswinder Singh Rajput
cff397e6b3 mm: includecheck fix for mm/shmem.c
Fix the following 'make includecheck' warning:

  mm/shmem.c: linux/vfs.h is included more than once.

Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Daisuke Nishimura
2ca4532a49 mm: add_to_swap_cache() does not return -EEXIST
After commit 355cfa73 ("mm: modify swap_map and add SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag"),
only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag by swapcache_prepare()
or get_swap_page() would call add_to_swap_cache().  So add_to_swap_cache()
doesn't return -EEXIST any more.

Even though it doesn't return -EEXIST, it's not good behavior conceptually
to call swapcache_prepare() in the -EEXIST case, because it means clearing
SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag while the entry is on swap cache.

This patch removes redundant codes and comments from callers of it, and
adds VM_BUG_ON() in error path of add_to_swap_cache() and some comments.

Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Daisuke Nishimura
31a5639623 mm: add_to_swap_cache() must not sleep
After commit 355cfa73 ("mm: modify swap_map and add SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag"),
read_swap_cache_async() will busy-wait while a entry doesn't exist in swap
cache but it has SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.

Such entries can exist on add/delete path of swap cache.  On add path,
add_to_swap_cache() is called soon after SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag is set, and
on delete path, swapcache_free() will be called (SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag is
cleared) soon after __delete_from_swap_cache() is called.  So, the
busy-wait works well in most cases.

But this mechanism can cause soft lockup if add_to_swap_cache() sleeps and
read_swap_cache_async() tries to swap-in the same entry on the same cpu.

This patch calls radix_tree_preload() before swapcache_prepare() and
divides add_to_swap_cache() into two part: radix_tree_preload() part and
radix_tree_insert() part(define it as __add_to_swap_cache()).

Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:35 -07:00
Mel Gorman
0d3d062a6e tracing, page-allocator: add trace event for page traffic related to the buddy lists
The page allocation trace event reports that a page was successfully
allocated but it does not specify where it came from.  When analysing
performance, it can be important to distinguish between pages coming from
the per-cpu allocator and pages coming from the buddy lists as the latter
requires the zone lock to the taken and more data structures to be
examined.

This patch adds a trace event for __rmqueue reporting when a page is being
allocated from the buddy lists.  It distinguishes between being called to
refill the per-cpu lists or whether it is a high-order allocation.
Similarly, this patch adds an event to catch when the PCP lists are being
drained a little and pages are going back to the buddy lists.

This is trickier to draw conclusions from but high activity on those
events could explain why there were a large number of cache misses on a
page-allocator-intensive workload.  The coalescing and splitting of
buddies involves a lot of writing of page metadata and cache line bounces
not to mention the acquisition of an interrupt-safe lock necessary to
enter this path.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Li Ming Chun <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:34 -07:00
Mel Gorman
e0fff1bd12 tracing, page-allocator: add trace events for anti-fragmentation falling back to other migratetypes
Fragmentation avoidance depends on being able to use free pages from lists
of the appropriate migrate type.  In the event this is not possible,
__rmqueue_fallback() selects a different list and in some circumstances
change the migratetype of the pageblock.  Simplistically, the more times
this event occurs, the more likely that fragmentation will be a problem
later for hugepage allocation at least but there are other considerations
such as the order of page being split to satisfy the allocation.

This patch adds a trace event for __rmqueue_fallback() that reports what
page is being used for the fallback, the orders of relevant pages, the
desired migratetype and the migratetype of the lists being used, whether
the pageblock changed type and whether this event is important with
respect to fragmentation avoidance or not.  This information can be used
to help analyse fragmentation avoidance and help decide whether
min_free_kbytes should be increased or not.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Li Ming Chun <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:34 -07:00
Mel Gorman
4b4f278c03 tracing, page-allocator: add trace events for page allocation and page freeing
This patch adds trace events for the allocation and freeing of pages,
including the freeing of pagevecs.  Using the events, it will be known
what struct page and pfns are being allocated and freed and what the call
site was in many cases.

The page alloc tracepoints be used as an indicator as to whether the
workload was heavily dependant on the page allocator or not.  You can make
a guess based on vmstat but you can't get a per-process breakdown.
Depending on the call path, the call_site for page allocation may be
__get_free_pages() instead of a useful callsite.  Instead of passing down
a return address similar to slab debugging, the user should enable the
stacktrace and seg-addr options to get a proper stack trace.

The pagevec free tracepoint has a different usecase.  It can be used to
get a idea of how many pages are being dumped off the LRU and whether it
is kswapd doing the work or a process doing direct reclaim.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Li Ming Chun <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:34 -07:00
Mel Gorman
38a398572f page-allocator: remove dead function free_cold_page()
The function free_cold_page() has no callers so delete it.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:34 -07:00
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
d0107eb073 kcore: fix vread/vwrite to be aware of holes
vread/vwrite access vmalloc area without checking there is a page or not.
In most case, this works well.

In old ages, the caller of get_vm_ara() is only IOREMAP and there is no
memory hole within vm_struct's [addr...addr + size - PAGE_SIZE] (
-PAGE_SIZE is for a guard page.)

After per-cpu-alloc patch, it uses get_vm_area() for reserve continuous
virtual address but remap _later_.  There tend to be a hole in valid
vmalloc area in vm_struct lists.  Then, skip the hole (not mapped page) is
necessary.  This patch updates vread/vwrite() for avoiding memory hole.

Routines which access vmalloc area without knowing for which addr is used
are
  - /proc/kcore
  - /dev/kmem

kcore checks IOREMAP, /dev/kmem doesn't.  After this patch, IOREMAP is
checked and /dev/kmem will avoid to read/write it.  Fixes to /proc/kcore
will be in the next patch in series.

Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Smith <scgtrp@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:34 -07:00
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
dd32c27998 vmalloc: unmap vmalloc area after hiding it
vmap area should be purged after vm_struct is removed from the list
because vread/vwrite etc...believes the range is valid while it's on
vm_struct list.

Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Smith <scgtrp@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Mel Gorman
2f66a68f3f page-allocator: change migratetype for all pageblocks within a high-order page during __rmqueue_fallback
When there are no pages of a target migratetype free, the page allocator
selects a high-order block of another migratetype to allocate from.  When
the order of the page taken is greater than pageblock_order, all
pageblocks within that high-order page should change migratetype so that
pages are later freed to the correct free-lists.

The current behaviour is that pageblocks change migratetype if the order
being split matches the pageblock_order.  When pageblock_order <
MAX_ORDER-1, ownership is not changing correct and pages are being later
freed to the incorrect list and this impacts fragmentation avoidance.

This patch changes all pageblocks within the high-order page being split
to the correct migratetype.  Without the patch, allocation success rates
for hugepages under stress were about 59% of physical memory on x86-64.
With the patch applied, this goes up to 65%.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Benjamin Herrenschmidt
fe1ff49d0d mm: kmem_cache_create(): make it easier to catch NULL cache names
Right now, if you inadvertently pass NULL to kmem_cache_create() at boot
time, it crashes much later after boot somewhere deep inside sysfs which
makes it very non obvious to figure out what's going on.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
7103ad323b ksm: mremap use err from ksm_madvise
mremap move's use of ksm_madvise() was assuming -ENOMEM on failure,
because ksm_madvise used to say -EAGAIN for that; but ksm_madvise now says
-ENOMEM (letting madvise convert that to -EAGAIN), and can also say
-ERESTARTSYS when signalled: so pass the error from ksm_madvise.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
35451beecb ksm: unmerge is an origin of OOMs
Just as the swapoff system call allocates many pages of RAM to various
processes, perhaps triggering OOM, so "echo 2 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run"
(unmerge) is liable to allocate many pages of RAM to various processes,
perhaps triggering OOM; and each is normally run from a modest admin
process (swapoff or shell), easily repeated until it succeeds.

So treat unmerge_and_remove_all_rmap_items() in the same way that we treat
try_to_unuse(): generalize PF_SWAPOFF to PF_OOM_ORIGIN, and bracket both
with that, to ask the OOM killer to kill them first, to prevent them from
spawning more and more OOM kills.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
a913e182ab ksm: clean up obsolete references
A few cleanups, given the munlock fix: the comment on ksm_test_exit() no
longer applies, and it can be made private to ksm.c; there's no more
reference to mmu_gather or tlb.h, and mmap.c doesn't need ksm.h.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
8314c4f24a ksm: remove VM_MERGEABLE_FLAGS
KSM originally stood for Kernel Shared Memory: but the kernel has long
supported shared memory, and VM_SHARED and VM_MAYSHARE vmas, and KSM is
something else.  So we switched to saying "merge" instead of "share".

But Chris Wright points out that this is confusing where mmap.c merges
adjacent vmas: most especially in the name VM_MERGEABLE_FLAGS, used by
is_mergeable_vma() to let vmas be merged despite flags being different.

Call it VMA_MERGE_DESPITE_FLAGS?  Perhaps, but at present it consists
only of VM_CAN_NONLINEAR: so for now it's clearer on all sides to use
that directly, with a comment on it in is_mergeable_vma().

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
7701c9c0f5 ksm: add some documentation
Add Documentation/vm/ksm.txt: how to use the Kernel Samepage Merging feature

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:33 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
2ffd8679c8 ksm: sysfs and defaults
At present KSM is just a waste of space if you don't have CONFIG_SYSFS=y
to provide the /sys/kernel/mm/ksm files to tune and activate it.

Make KSM depend on SYSFS?  Could do, but it might be better to provide
some defaults so that KSM works out-of-the-box, ready for testers to
madvise MADV_MERGEABLE, even without SYSFS.

Though anyone serious is likely to want to retune the numbers to their
taste once they have experience; and whether these settings ever reach
2.6.32 can be discussed along the way.

Save 1kB from tiny kernels by #ifdef'ing the SYSFS side of it.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Andrea Arcangeli
1c2fb7a4c2 ksm: fix deadlock with munlock in exit_mmap
Rawhide users have reported hang at startup when cryptsetup is run: the
same problem can be simply reproduced by running a program int main() {
mlockall(MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE); return 0; }

The problem is that exit_mmap() applies munlock_vma_pages_all() to
clean up VM_LOCKED areas, and its current implementation (stupidly)
tries to fault in absent pages, for example where PROT_NONE prevented
them being faulted in when mlocking.  Whereas the "ksm: fix oom
deadlock" patch, knowing there's a race by which KSM might try to fault
in pages after exit_mmap() had finally zapped the range, backs out of
such faults doing nothing when its ksm_test_exit() notices mm_users 0.

So revert that part of "ksm: fix oom deadlock" which moved the
ksm_exit() call from before exit_mmap() to the middle of exit_mmap();
and remove those ksm_test_exit() checks from the page fault paths, so
allowing the munlocking to proceed without interference.

ksm_exit, if there are rmap_items still chained on this mm slot, takes
mmap_sem write side: so preventing KSM from working on an mm while
exit_mmap runs.  And KSM will bail out as soon as it notices that
mm_users is already zero, thanks to its internal ksm_test_exit checks.
So that when a task is killed by OOM killer or the user, KSM will not
indefinitely prevent it from running exit_mmap to release its memory.

This does break a part of what "ksm: fix oom deadlock" was trying to
achieve.  When unmerging KSM (echo 2 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm), and even
when ksmd itself has to cancel a KSM page, it is possible that the
first OOM-kill victim would be the KSM process being faulted: then its
memory won't be freed until a second victim has been selected (freeing
memory for the unmerging fault to complete).

But the OOM killer is already liable to kill a second victim once the
intended victim's p->mm goes to NULL: so there's not much point in
rejecting this KSM patch before fixing that OOM behaviour.  It is very
much more important to allow KSM users to boot up, than to haggle over
an unlikely and poorly supported OOM case.

We also intend to fix munlocking to not fault pages: at which point
this patch _could_ be reverted; though that would be controversial, so
we hope to find a better solution.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Justin M. Forbes <jforbes@redhat.com>
Acked-for-now-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
9ba6929480 ksm: fix oom deadlock
There's a now-obvious deadlock in KSM's out-of-memory handling:
imagine ksmd or KSM_RUN_UNMERGE handling, holding ksm_thread_mutex,
trying to allocate a page to break KSM in an mm which becomes the
OOM victim (quite likely in the unmerge case): it's killed and goes
to exit, and hangs there waiting to acquire ksm_thread_mutex.

Clearly we must not require ksm_thread_mutex in __ksm_exit, simple
though that made everything else: perhaps use mmap_sem somehow?
And part of the answer lies in the comments on unmerge_ksm_pages:
__ksm_exit should also leave all the rmap_item removal to ksmd.

But there's a fundamental problem, that KSM relies upon mmap_sem to
guarantee the consistency of the mm it's dealing with, yet exit_mmap
tears down an mm without taking mmap_sem.  And bumping mm_users won't
help at all, that just ensures that the pages the OOM killer assumes
are on their way to being freed will not be freed.

The best answer seems to be, to move the ksm_exit callout from just
before exit_mmap, to the middle of exit_mmap: after the mm's pages
have been freed (if the mmu_gather is flushed), but before its page
tables and vma structures have been freed; and down_write,up_write
mmap_sem there to serialize with KSM's own reliance on mmap_sem.

But KSM then needs to be careful, whenever it downs mmap_sem, to
check that the mm is not already exiting: there's a danger of using
find_vma on a layout that's being torn apart, or writing into page
tables which have been freed for reuse; and even do_anonymous_page
and __do_fault need to check they're not being called by break_ksm
to reinstate a pte after zap_pte_range has zapped that page table.

Though it might be clearer to add an exiting flag, set while holding
mmap_sem in __ksm_exit, that wouldn't cover the issue of reinstating
a zapped pte.  All we need is to check whether mm_users is 0 - but
must remember that ksmd may detect that before __ksm_exit is reached.
So, ksm_test_exit(mm) added to comment such checks on mm->mm_users.

__ksm_exit now has to leave clearing up the rmap_items to ksmd,
that needs ksm_thread_mutex; but shift the exiting mm just after the
ksm_scan cursor so that it will soon be dealt with.  __ksm_enter raise
mm_count to hold the mm_struct, ksmd's exit processing (exactly like
its processing when it finds all VM_MERGEABLEs unmapped) mmdrop it,
similar procedure for KSM_RUN_UNMERGE (which has stopped ksmd).

But also give __ksm_exit a fast path: when there's no complication
(no rmap_items attached to mm and it's not at the ksm_scan cursor),
it can safely do all the exiting work itself.  This is not just an
optimization: when ksmd is not running, the raised mm_count would
otherwise leak mm_structs.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
cd551f9751 ksm: distribute remove_mm_from_lists
Do some housekeeping in ksm.c, to help make the next patch easier
to understand: remove the function remove_mm_from_lists, distributing
its code to its callsites scan_get_next_rmap_item and __ksm_exit.

That turns out to be a win in scan_get_next_rmap_item: move its
remove_trailing_rmap_items and cursor advancement up, and it becomes
simpler than before.  __ksm_exit becomes messier, but will change
again; and moving its remove_trailing_rmap_items up lets us strengthen
the unstable tree item's age condition in remove_rmap_item_from_tree.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
d952b79136 ksm: fix endless loop on oom
break_ksm has been looping endlessly ignoring VM_FAULT_OOM: that should
only be a problem for ksmd when a memory control group imposes limits
(normally the OOM killer will kill others with an mm until it succeeds);
but in general (especially for MADV_UNMERGEABLE and KSM_RUN_UNMERGE) we
do need to route the error (or kill) back to the caller (or sighandling).

Test signal_pending in unmerge_ksm_pages, which could be a lengthy
procedure if it has to spill into swap: returning -ERESTARTSYS so that
trivial signals will restart but fatals will terminate (is that right?
we do different things in different places in mm, none exactly this).

unmerge_and_remove_all_rmap_items was forgetting to lock when going
down the mm_list: fix that.  Whether it's successful or not, reset
ksm_scan cursor to head; but only if it's successful, reset seqnr
(shown in full_scans) - page counts will have gone down to zero.

This patch leaves a significant OOM deadlock, but it's a good step
on the way, and that deadlock is fixed in a subsequent patch.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
81464e3060 ksm: five little cleanups
1. We don't use __break_cow entry point now: merge it into break_cow.
2. remove_all_slot_rmap_items is just a special case of
   remove_trailing_rmap_items: use the latter instead.
3. Extend comment on unmerge_ksm_pages and rmap_items.
4. try_to_merge_two_pages should use try_to_merge_with_ksm_page
   instead of duplicating its code; and so swap them around.
5. Comment on cmp_and_merge_page described last year's: update it.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
6e15838425 ksm: keep quiet while list empty
ksm_scan_thread already sleeps in wait_event_interruptible until setting
ksm_run activates it; but if there's nothing on its list to look at, i.e.
nobody has yet said madvise MADV_MERGEABLE, it's a shame to be clocking
up system time and full_scans: ksmd_should_run added to check that too.

And move the mutex_lock out around it: the new counts showed that when
ksm_run is stopped, a little work often got done afterwards, because it
had been read before taking the mutex.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
26465d3ea5 ksm: break cow once unshared
We kept agreeing not to bother about the unswappable shared KSM pages
which later become unshared by others: observation suggests they're not
a significant proportion.  But they are disadvantageous, and it is easier
to break COW to replace them by swappable pages, than offer statistics
to show that they don't matter; then we can stop worrying about them.

Doing this in ksm_do_scan, they don't go through cmp_and_merge_page on
this pass: give them a good chance of getting into the unstable tree
on the next pass, or back into the stable, by computing checksum now.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
473b0ce4d1 ksm: pages_unshared and pages_volatile
The pages_shared and pages_sharing counts give a good picture of how
successful KSM is at sharing; but no clue to how much wasted work it's
doing to get there.  Add pages_unshared (count of unique pages waiting
in the unstable tree, hoping to find a mate) and pages_volatile.

pages_volatile is harder to define.  It includes those pages changing
too fast to get into the unstable tree, but also whatever other edge
conditions prevent a page getting into the trees: a high value may
deserve investigation.  Don't try to calculate it from the various
conditions: it's the total of rmap_items less those accounted for.

Also show full_scans: the number of completed scans of everything
registered in the mm list.

The locking for all these counts is simply ksm_thread_mutex.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
e178dfde39 ksm: move pages_sharing updates
The pages_shared count is incremented and decremented when adding a node
to and removing a node from the stable tree: easy to understand.  But the
pages_sharing count was hard to follow, being adjusted in various places:
increment and decrement it when adding to and removing from the stable tree.

And the pages_sharing variable used to include the pages_shared, then those
were subtracted when shown in the pages_sharing sysfs file: now keep it as
an exclusive count of leaves hanging off the stable tree nodes, throughout.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
b402826033 ksm: rename kernel_pages_allocated
We're not implementing swapping of KSM pages in its first release;
but when that follows, "kernel_pages_allocated" will be a very poor
name for the sysfs file showing number of nodes in the stable tree:
rename that to "pages_shared" throughout.

But we already have a "pages_shared", counting those page slots
sharing the shared pages: first rename that to... "pages_sharing".

What will become of "max_kernel_pages" when the pages shared can
be swapped?  I guess it will just be removed, so keep that name.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Acked-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:32 -07:00
Izik Eidus
339aa62469 ksm: change ksm nice level to be 5
ksm should try not to disturb other tasks as much as possible.

Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Izik Eidus
36b2528dc1 ksm: change copyright message
Adding Hugh Dickins into the authors list.

Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
1ff8299573 ksm: prevent mremap move poisoning
KSM's scan allows for user pages to be COWed or unmapped at any time,
without requiring any notification.  But its stable tree does assume that
when it finds a KSM page where it placed a KSM page, then it is the same
KSM page that it placed there.

mremap move could break that assumption: if an area containing a KSM page
was unmapped, then an area containing a different KSM page was moved with
mremap into the place of the original, before KSM's scan came around to
notice.  That could then poison a node of the stable tree, so that memcmps
would "lie" and upset the ordering of the tree.

Probably noone will ever need mremap move on a VM_MERGEABLE area; except
that prohibiting it would make trouble for schemes in which we try making
everything VM_MERGEABLE e.g.  for testing: an mremap which normally works
would then fail mysteriously.

There's no need to go to any trouble, such as re-sorting KSM's list of
rmap_items to match the new layout: simply unmerge the area to COW all its
KSM pages before moving, but leave VM_MERGEABLE on so that they're
remerged later.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Izik Eidus
31dbd01f31 ksm: Kernel SamePage Merging
Ksm is code that allows merging of identical pages between one or more
applications, in a way invisible to the applications that use it.  Pages
that are merged are marked as read-only, then COWed when any application
tries to change them.

Whereas fork() allows sharing anonymous pages between parent and child,
ksm can share anonymous pages between unrelated processes.

Ksm works by walking over the memory pages of the applications it scans,
in order to find identical pages.  It uses two sorted data structures,
called the stable and unstable trees, to locate identical pages in an
effective way.

When ksm finds two identical pages, it marks them as readonly and merges
them into a single page.  After the pages have been marked as readonly and
merged into one, Linux treats them as normal copy-on-write pages, copying
to a fresh anonymous page if write access is required later.

Ksm scans and merges anonymous pages only in those memory areas that have
been registered with it by madvise(addr, length, MADV_MERGEABLE).

The ksm scanner is controlled by sysfs files in /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/:

max_kernel_pages - the maximum number of unswappable kernel pages
                   which may be allocated by ksm (0 for unlimited).

kernel_pages_allocated - how many ksm pages are currently allocated,
                         sharing identical content between different
                         processes (pages unswappable in this release).

pages_shared - how many pages have been saved by sharing with ksm pages
               (kernel_pages_allocated being excluded from this count).

pages_to_scan - how many pages ksm should scan before sleeping.

sleep_millisecs - how many milliseconds ksm should sleep between scans.

run - write 0 to disable ksm, read 0 while ksm is disabled (default),
      write 1 to run ksm, read 1 while ksm is running,
      write 2 to disable ksm and unmerge all its pages.

Includes contributions by Andrea Arcangeli Chris Wright and Hugh Dickins.

[hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk: fix rare page leak]
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
9a84089514 ksm: identify PageKsm pages
KSM will need to identify its kernel merged pages unambiguously, and
/proc/kpageflags will probably like to do so too.

Since KSM will only be substituting anonymous pages, statistics are best
preserved by making a PageKsm page a special PageAnon page: one with no
anon_vma.

But KSM then needs its own page_add_ksm_rmap() - keep it in ksm.h near
PageKsm; and do_wp_page() must COW them, unlike singly mapped PageAnons.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
21333b2b66 ksm: no debug in page_dup_rmap()
page_dup_rmap(), used on each mapped page when forking, was originally
just an inline atomic_inc of mapcount.  2.6.22 added CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
out-of-line checks to it, which would need to be ever-so-slightly
complicated to allow for the PageKsm() we're about to define.

But I think these checks never caught anything.  And if it's coding errors
we're worried about, such checks should be in page_remove_rmap() too, not
just when forking; whereas if it's pagetable corruption we're worried
about, then they shouldn't be limited to CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.

Oh, just revert page_dup_rmap() to an inline atomic_inc of mapcount.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
f8af4da3b4 ksm: the mm interface to ksm
This patch presents the mm interface to a dummy version of ksm.c, for
better scrutiny of that interface: the real ksm.c follows later.

When CONFIG_KSM is not set, madvise(2) reject MADV_MERGEABLE and
MADV_UNMERGEABLE with EINVAL, since that seems more helpful than
pretending that they can be serviced.  But when CONFIG_KSM=y, accept them
even if KSM is not currently running, and even on areas which KSM will not
touch (e.g.  hugetlb or shared file or special driver mappings).

Like other madvices, report ENOMEM despite success if any area in the
range is unmapped, and use EAGAIN to report out of memory.

Define vma flag VM_MERGEABLE to identify an area on which KSM may try
merging pages: leave it to ksm_madvise() to decide whether to set it.
Define mm flag MMF_VM_MERGEABLE to identify an mm which might contain
VM_MERGEABLE areas, to minimize callouts when forking or exiting.

Based upon earlier patches by Chris Wright and Izik Eidus.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Hugh Dickins
3866ea90d3 ksm: first tidy up madvise_vma()
madvise.c has several levels of switch statements, what to do in which?
Move MADV_DOFORK code down from madvise_vma() to madvise_behavior(), so
madvise_vma() can be a simple router, to madvise_behavior() by default.

vma->vm_flags is an unsigned long so use the same type for new_flags.  Add
missing comment lines to describe MADV_DONTFORK and MADV_DOFORK.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Izik Eidus
828502d300 ksm: add mmu_notifier set_pte_at_notify()
KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages
between one or more processes.

Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the
memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created.  Memory is
periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged.

The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it.

Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production
enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host
memory.  This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and
so on.

Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to
use it to share its data can try it.

Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page
aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge
it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on
writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again.

Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify
alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private
data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do
this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed
without any synchinization acts from the application.

Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code
of linux.

This patch:

The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page
table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then
getting vmexit to set it.  It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so.

set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of
mmu_notifiers, for COW pages.  It is useful for kvm when ksm is used,
because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the
ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the
same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table.

Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte()
callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback.

Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:31 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
451ea25da7 mm: perform non-atomic test-clear of PG_mlocked on free
By the time PG_mlocked is cleared in the page freeing path, nobody else is
looking at our page->flags anymore.

It is thus safe to make the test-and-clear non-atomic and thereby removing
an unnecessary and expensive operation from a hotpath.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
Figo.zhang
bf88c8c83e vmalloc.c: fix double error checking
There is no need for double error checking.

Signed-off-by: Figo.zhang <figo1802@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
Akinobu Mita
945a11136e mm: add gfp mask checking for __get_free_pages()
__get_free_pages() with __GFP_HIGHMEM is not safe because the return
address cannot represent a highmem page.  get_zeroed_page() already has
such a debug checking.

Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
a26f5320c4 vmscan: kill unnecessary prefetch
The pages in the list passed move_active_pages_to_lru() are already
touched by shrink_active_list().  IOW the prefetch in
move_active_pages_to_lru() don't populate any cache.  it's pointless.

This patch remove it.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
74a1c48fb4 vmscan: kill unnecessary page flag test
The page_lru() already evaluate PageActive() and PageSwapBacked().  We
don't need to re-evaluate it.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
5205e56eea vmscan: move ClearPageActive from move_active_pages() to shrink_active_list()
The move_active_pages_to_lru() function is called under irq disabled and
ClearPageActive() doesn't need irq disabling.

Then, this patch move it into shrink_active_list().

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
Minchan Kim
de2e7567c7 vmscan: don't attempt to reclaim anon page in lumpy reclaim when no swap space is available
The VM already avoids attempting to reclaim anon pages in various places,
But it doesn't avoid it for lumpy reclaim.

It shuffles lru list unnecessary so that it is pointless.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
Wu Fengguang
adea02a1be mm: count only reclaimable lru pages
global_lru_pages() / zone_lru_pages() can be used in two ways:
- to estimate max reclaimable pages in determine_dirtyable_memory()
- to calculate the slab scan ratio

When swap is full or not present, the anon lru lists are not reclaimable
and also won't be scanned.  So the anon pages shall not be counted in both
usage scenarios.  Also rename to _reclaimable_pages: now they are counting
the possibly reclaimable lru pages.

It can greatly (and correctly) increase the slab scan rate under high
memory pressure (when most file pages have been reclaimed and swap is
full/absent), thus reduce false OOM kills.

Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: "Li, Ming Chun" <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:30 -07:00
Rik van Riel
35cd78156c vmscan: throttle direct reclaim when too many pages are isolated already
When way too many processes go into direct reclaim, it is possible for all
of the pages to be taken off the LRU.  One result of this is that the next
process in the page reclaim code thinks there are no reclaimable pages
left and triggers an out of memory kill.

One solution to this problem is to never let so many processes into the
page reclaim path that the entire LRU is emptied.  Limiting the system to
only having half of each inactive list isolated for reclaim should be
safe.

Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:29 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
a731286de6 mm: vmstat: add isolate pages
If the system is running a heavy load of processes then concurrent reclaim
can isolate a large number of pages from the LRU. /proc/vmstat and the
output generated for an OOM do not show how many pages were isolated.

This has been observed during process fork bomb testing (mstctl11 in LTP).

This patch shows the information about isolated pages.

Reproduced via:

-----------------------
% ./hackbench 140 process 1000
   => OOM occur

active_anon:146 inactive_anon:0 isolated_anon:49245
 active_file:79 inactive_file:18 isolated_file:113
 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0 buffer:39
 free:370 slab_reclaimable:309 slab_unreclaimable:5492
 mapped:53 shmem:15 pagetables:28140 bounce:0

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:29 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
b35ea17b7b mm: shrink_inactive_list() nr_scan accounting fix fix
If sc->isolate_pages() return 0, we don't need to call shrink_page_list().
In past days, shrink_inactive_list() handled it properly.

But commit fb8d14e1 (three years ago commit!) breaked it.  current
shrink_inactive_list() always call shrink_page_list() although
isolate_pages() return 0.

This patch restore proper return value check.

Requirements:
  o "nr_taken == 0" condition should stay before calling shrink_page_list().
  o "nr_taken == 0" condition should stay after nr_scan related statistics
     modification.

Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:28 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
44c241f166 mm: rename pgmoved variable in shrink_active_list()
Currently the pgmoved variable has two meanings.  It causes harder
reviewing.  This patch separates it.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:27 -07:00
David Rientjes
b259fbde0a mm: update alloc_flags after oom killer has been called
It is possible for the oom killer to select current as the task to kill.
When this happens, alloc_flags needs to be updated accordingly to set
ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS so the subsequent allocation attempt may use memory
reserves as the result of its thread having TIF_MEMDIE set if the
allocation is not __GFP_NOMEMALLOC.

Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:27 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
4b02108ac1 mm: oom analysis: add shmem vmstat
Recently we encountered OOM problems due to memory use of the GEM cache.
Generally a large amuont of Shmem/Tmpfs pages tend to create a memory
shortage problem.

We often use the following calculation to determine the amount of shmem
pages:

shmem = NR_ACTIVE_ANON + NR_INACTIVE_ANON - NR_ANON_PAGES

however the expression does not consider isolated and mlocked pages.

This patch adds explicit accounting for pages used by shmem and tmpfs.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:27 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
c6a7f5728a mm: oom analysis: Show kernel stack usage in /proc/meminfo and OOM log output
The amount of memory allocated to kernel stacks can become significant and
cause OOM conditions.  However, we do not display the amount of memory
consumed by stacks.

Add code to display the amount of memory used for stacks in /proc/meminfo.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:27 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
71de1ccbe1 mm: oom analysis: add buffer cache information to show_free_areas()
It is often useful to know the statistics for all pages that are handled
like page cache pages when looking at OOM log output.

Therefore show_free_areas() should also display buffer cache statistics.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:27 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
4a0aa73f1d mm: oom analysis: add per-zone statistics to show_free_areas()
show_free_areas() displays only a limited amount of zone counters.  This
patch includes additional counters in the display to allow easier
debugging.  This may be especially useful if an OOM is due to running out
of DMA memory.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:27 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
3701b03323 mm: show_free_areas(): display slab pages in two separate fields
If an OOM happens, we really want to know the number of remaining
reclaimable pages.  So the reclaimable slab and unreclaimable slab fields
should not be combined for display.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
b904dcfed6 mm: clean up page_remove_rmap()
page_remove_rmap() has multiple PageAnon() tests and it has deep nesting.
Clean this up.

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Lee Schermerhorn
57dd28fb05 hugetlb: restore interleaving of bootmem huge pages
I noticed that alloc_bootmem_huge_page() will only advance to the next
node on failure to allocate a huge page, potentially filling nodes with
huge-pages.  I asked about this on linux-mm and linux-numa, cc'ing the
usual huge page suspects.

Mel Gorman responded:

	I strongly suspect that the same node being used until allocation
	failure instead of round-robin is an oversight and not deliberate
	at all. It appears to be a side-effect of a fix made way back in
	commit 63b4613c3f ["hugetlb: fix
	hugepage allocation with memoryless nodes"]. Prior to that patch
	it looked like allocations would always round-robin even when
	allocation was successful.

This patch--factored out of my "hugetlb mempolicy" series--moves the
advance of the hstate next node from which to allocate up before the test
for success of the attempted allocation.

Note that alloc_bootmem_huge_page() is only used for order > MAX_ORDER
huge pages.

I'll post a separate patch for mainline/stable, as the above mentioned
"balance freeing" series renamed the next node to alloc function.

Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Lee Schermerhorn
685f345708 hugetlb: use free_pool_huge_page() to return unused surplus pages
Use the [modified] free_pool_huge_page() function to return unused
surplus pages.  This will help keep huge pages balanced across nodes
between freeing of unused surplus pages and freeing of persistent huge
pages [from set_max_huge_pages] by using the same node id "cursor". It
also eliminates some code duplication.

Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Lee Schermerhorn
e8c5c82498 hugetlb: balance freeing of huge pages across nodes
Free huges pages from nodes in round robin fashion in an attempt to keep
[persistent a.k.a static] hugepages balanced across nodes

New function free_pool_huge_page() is modeled on and performs roughly the
inverse of alloc_fresh_huge_page().  Replaces dequeue_huge_page() which
now has no callers, so this patch removes it.

Helper function hstate_next_node_to_free() uses new hstate member
next_to_free_nid to distribute "frees" across all nodes with huge pages.

Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Randy Dunlap
55a4462af5 page_alloc: fix kernel-doc warning
Ummark function as having kernel-doc notation, fixing the kernel-doc
warning.

Warning(mm/page_alloc.c:4519): No description found for parameter 'zone'

Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Shaohua Li
abfc348811 memory hotplug: migrate swap cache page
In test, some pages in swap-cache can't be migrated, as they aren't rmap.

unmap_and_move() ignores swap-cache page which is just read in and hasn't
rmap (see the comments in the code), but swap_aops provides .migratepage.
Better to migrate such pages instead of ignore them.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yakui Zhao <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Shaohua Li
f52407ce2d memory hotplug: alloc page from other node in memory online
To initialize hotadded node, some pages are allocated.  At that time, the
node hasn't memory, this makes the allocation always fail.  In such case,
let's allocate pages from other nodes.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yakui Zhao <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Shaohua Li
8e7e40d965 memory hotplug: make pages from movable zone always isolatable
Pages on movable zone have two types, MIGRATE_MOVABLE and MIGRATE_RESERVE,
both them can be movable, because only movable memory allocation can get
pages from movable zone.  This makes pages in movable zone always be able
to migrate.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yakui Zhao <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:26 -07:00
Shaohua Li
6fb332fabd memory hotplug: exclude isolated page from pco page alloc
Pages marked as isolated should not be allocated again.  If such pages
reside in pcp list, they can be allocated too, so there is a ping-pong
memory offline frees some pages to pcp list and the pages get allocated
and then memory offline frees them again, this loop will happen again and
again.

This should have no impact in normal code path, because in normal code
path, pages in pcp list aren't isolated, and below loop will break in the
first entry.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yakui Zhao <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:25 -07:00
Shaohua Li
112067f090 memory hotplug: update zone pcp at memory online
In my test, 128M memory is hot added, but zone's pcp batch is 0, which is
an obvious error.  When pages are onlined, zone pcp should be updated
accordingly.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yakui Zhao <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:25 -07:00
David Rientjes
478b81fd84 mm: remove obsoleted alloc_pages cpuset comment
When a cpuset's nodemask is updated, all attached tasks have their cached
task->mems_allowed updated by a heap instead of requiring an explicit call
to cpuset_update_task_memory_state(), which has since been removed in
58568d2a82 ("cpuset,mm: update tasks'
mems_allowed in time").

Remove the obsoleted comment from the page allocator.

Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 07:17:25 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
43c1266ce4 Merge branch 'perfcounters-rename-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'perfcounters-rename-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  perf: Tidy up after the big rename
  perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events
  perf_counter: Rename 'event' to event_id/hw_event
  perf_counter: Rename list_entry -> group_entry, counter_list -> group_list

Manually resolved some fairly trivial conflicts with the tracing tree in
include/trace/ftrace.h and kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c.
2009-09-21 09:15:07 -07:00
Jens Axboe
87c6a9b253 writeback: make balance_dirty_pages() gradually back more off
Currently it just sleeps for a very short time, just 1 jiffy. If
we keep looping in there, continually delay for a little longer
of up to 100msec in total. That was the old limit for congestion
wait.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-21 15:40:33 +02:00
Jens Axboe
3542a5c0de writeback: don't use schedule_timeout() without setting runstate
Just use schedule_timeout_interruptible(), saves a call to
set_current_state().

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-21 15:40:33 +02:00
Frans Pop
22f8b45822 trivial: improve help text for mm debug config options
Improve the help text for PAGE_POISONING.
Also fix some typos and improve consistency within the file.

Signed-of-by: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>

Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2009-09-21 15:14:57 +02:00
Ingo Molnar
cdd6c482c9 perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events
Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events!

In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its
initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is
becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging,
monitoring, analysis facility.

Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem
'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending
code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and
less appropriate.

All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance
events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables
and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion)

The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes
it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well.

Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and
suggested a rename.

User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch
should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to
keep the size down.)

This patch has been generated via the following script:

  FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config')

  sed -i \
    -e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \
    -e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \
    -e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \
    -e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \
    -e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \
    -e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \
    $FILES

  for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do
    M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g')
    mv $N $M
  done

  FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*)

  sed -i \
    -e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \
    -e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \
    -e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \
    -e 's/counter/event/g' \
    -e 's/Counter/Event/g' \
    $FILES

... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be
used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts
a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this
change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches
is the smallest: the end of the merge window.

Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some
stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch.

( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal
  with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit
  over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but
  in case there's something left where 'counter' would be
  better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis
  instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. )

Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 14:28:04 +02:00
Alexey Dobriyan
6952b61de9 headers: taskstats_kern.h trim
Remove net/genetlink.h inclusion, now sched.c won't be recompiled
because of some networking changes.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-18 09:48:52 -07:00
Jianjun Kong
27f5de7963 mm: Fix problem of parameter in note
'current' is a pointer, so the right form is  'down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem)'.

Signed-off-by: Jianjun Kong <jianjun@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-18 09:48:52 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
ab86e5765d Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6:
  Driver Core: devtmpfs - kernel-maintained tmpfs-based /dev
  debugfs: Modify default debugfs directory for debugging pktcdvd.
  debugfs: Modified default dir of debugfs for debugging UHCI.
  debugfs: Change debugfs directory of IWMC3200
  debugfs: Change debuhgfs directory of trace-events-sample.h
  debugfs: Fix mount directory of debugfs by default in events.txt
  hpilo: add poll f_op
  hpilo: add interrupt handler
  hpilo: staging for interrupt handling
  driver core: platform_device_add_data(): use kmemdup()
  Driver core: Add support for compatibility classes
  uio: add generic driver for PCI 2.3 devices
  driver-core: move dma-coherent.c from kernel to driver/base
  mem_class: fix bug
  mem_class: use minor as index instead of searching the array
  driver model: constify attribute groups
  UIO: remove 'default n' from Kconfig
  Driver core: Add accessor for device platform data
  Driver core: move dev_get/set_drvdata to drivers/base/dd.c
  Driver core: add new device to bus's list before probing
2009-09-16 08:27:10 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
a3eb51ecfa Merge branch 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block
* 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
  writeback: fix possible bdi writeback refcounting problem
  writeback: Fix bdi use after free in wb_work_complete()
  writeback: improve scalability of bdi writeback work queues
  writeback: remove smp_mb(), it's not needed with list_add_tail_rcu()
  writeback: use schedule_timeout_interruptible()
  writeback: add comments to bdi_work structure
  writeback: splice dirty inode entries to default bdi on bdi_destroy()
  writeback: separate starting of sync vs opportunistic writeback
  writeback: inline allocation failure handling in bdi_alloc_queue_work()
  writeback: use RCU to protect bdi_list
  writeback: only use bdi_writeback_all() for WB_SYNC_NONE writeout
  fs: Assign bdi in super_block
  writeback: make wb_writeback() take an argument structure
  writeback: merely wakeup flusher thread if work allocation fails for WB_SYNC_NONE
  writeback: get rid of wbc->for_writepages
  fs: remove bdev->bd_inode_backing_dev_info
2009-09-16 07:45:38 -07:00
Jens Axboe
ce5f8e7795 writeback: splice dirty inode entries to default bdi on bdi_destroy()
We cannot safely ensure that the inodes are all gone at this point
in time, and we must not destroy this bdi with inodes having off it.
So just splice our entries to the default bdi since that one will
always persist.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-16 15:18:52 +02:00
Jens Axboe
b6e51316da writeback: separate starting of sync vs opportunistic writeback
bdi_start_writeback() is currently split into two paths, one for
WB_SYNC_NONE and one for WB_SYNC_ALL. Add bdi_sync_writeback()
for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback and let bdi_start_writeback() handle
only WB_SYNC_NONE.

Push down the writeback_control allocation and only accept the
parameters that make sense for each function. This cleans up
the API considerably.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-16 15:18:52 +02:00
Jens Axboe
cfc4ba5365 writeback: use RCU to protect bdi_list
Now that bdi_writeback_all() no longer handles integrity writeback,
it doesn't have to block anymore. This means that we can switch
bdi_list reader side protection to RCU.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-16 15:18:51 +02:00
Jens Axboe
1fe06ad892 writeback: get rid of wbc->for_writepages
It's only set, it's never checked. Kill it.

Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-16 15:16:18 +02:00
Andi Kleen
cae681fc12 HWPOISON: Add simple debugfs interface to inject hwpoison on arbitary PFNs
Useful for some testing scenarios, although specific testing is often
done better through MADV_POISON

This can be done with the x86 level MCE injector too, but this interface
allows it to do independently from low level x86 changes.

v2: Add module license (Haicheng Li)

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:17 +02:00
Andi Kleen
9893e49d64 HWPOISON: Add madvise() based injector for hardware poisoned pages v4
Impact: optional, useful for debugging

Add a new madvice sub command to inject poison for some
pages in a process' address space.  This is useful for
testing the poison page handling.

This patch can allow root to tie up large amounts of memory.
I got feedback from container developers and they didn't see any
problem.

v2: Use write flag for get_user_pages to make sure to always get
a fresh page
v3: Don't request write mapping (Fengguang Wu)
v4: Move MADV_* number to avoid conflict with KSM (Hugh Dickins)

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:17 +02:00
Andi Kleen
aa261f549d HWPOISON: Enable .remove_error_page for migration aware file systems
Enable removing of corrupted pages through truncation
for a bunch of file systems: ext*, xfs, gfs2, ocfs2, ntfs
These should cover most server needs.

I chose the set of migration aware file systems for this
for now, assuming they have been especially audited.
But in general it should be safe for all file systems
on the data area that support read/write and truncate.

Caveat: the hardware error handler does not take i_mutex
for now before calling the truncate function. Is that ok?

Cc: tytso@mit.edu
Cc: hch@infradead.org
Cc: mfasheh@suse.com
Cc: aia21@cantab.net
Cc: hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk
Cc: swhiteho@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:16 +02:00
Andi Kleen
6a46079cf5 HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7
Add the high level memory handler that poisons pages
that got corrupted by hardware (typically by a two bit flip in a DIMM
or a cache) on the Linux level. The goal is to prevent everyone
from accessing these pages in the future.

This done at the VM level by marking a page hwpoisoned
and doing the appropriate action based on the type of page
it is.

The code that does this is portable and lives in mm/memory-failure.c

To quote the overview comment:

High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the
hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache
failure.

This focuses on pages detected as corrupted in the background.
When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently
running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies
that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to
just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead
when that happens another machine check will happen.

Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part
here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM
users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere,
possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code
has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking
rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the
error handling takes potentially a long time.

Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non
linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not
been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case
for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected
to be rare we hope we can get away with this.

There are in principle two strategies to kill processes on poison:
- just unmap the data and wait for an actual reference before
killing
- kill as soon as corruption is detected.
Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used
in different situations. Right now both are implemented and can
be switched with a new sysctl vm.memory_failure_early_kill
The default is early kill.

The patch does some rmap data structure walking on its own to collect
processes to kill. This is unusual because normally all rmap data structure
knowledge is in rmap.c only. I put it here for now to keep
everything together and rmap knowledge has been seeping out anyways

Includes contributions from Johannes Weiner, Chris Mason, Fengguang Wu,
Nick Piggin (who did a lot of great work) and others.

Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Cc: riel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:15 +02:00
Wu Fengguang
6746aff74d HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked page
The dirtying of page and set_page_dirty() can be moved into the page lock.

- In shmem_write_end(), the page was dirtied while the page lock was held,
  but it's being marked dirty just after dropping the page lock.
- In shmem_symlink(), both dirtying and marking can be moved into page lock.

It's valuable for the hwpoison code to know whether one bad page can be dropped
without losing data. It mainly judges by testing the PG_dirty bit after taking
the page lock. So it becomes important that the dirtying of page and the
marking of dirtiness are both done inside the page lock. Which is a common
practice, but sadly not a rule.

The noticeable exceptions are
- mapped pages
- pages with buffer_heads
The above pages could go dirty at any time. Fortunately the hwpoison will
unmap the page and release the buffer_heads beforehand anyway.

Many other types of pages (eg. metadata pages) can also be dirtied at will by
their owners, the hwpoison code cannot do meaningful things to them anyway.
Only the dirtiness of pagecache pages owned by regular files are interested.

v2: AK: Add comment about set_page_dirty rules (suggested by Peter Zijlstra)

Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:14 +02:00
Andi Kleen
2571873621 HWPOISON: Define a new error_remove_page address space op for async truncation
Truncating metadata pages is not safe right now before
we haven't audited all file systems.

To enable truncation only for data address space define
a new address_space callback error_remove_page.

This is used for memory_failure.c memory error handling.

This can be then set to truncate_inode_page()

This patch just defines the new operation and adds documentation.

Callers and users come in followon patches.

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:13 +02:00
Wu Fengguang
83f786680a HWPOISON: Add invalidate_inode_page
Add a simple way to invalidate a single page
This is just a refactoring of the truncate.c code.
Originally from Fengguang, modified by Andi Kleen.

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:13 +02:00
Nick Piggin
750b4987b0 HWPOISON: Refactor truncate to allow direct truncating of page v2
Extract out truncate_inode_page() out of the truncate path so that
it can be used by memory-failure.c

[AK: description, headers, fix typos]
v2: Some white space changes from Fengguang Wu

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:12 +02:00
Wu Fengguang
2a7684a23e HWPOISON: check and isolate corrupted free pages v2
If memory corruption hits the free buddy pages, we can safely ignore them.
No one will access them until page allocation time, then prep_new_page()
will automatically check and isolate PG_hwpoison page for us (for 0-order
allocation).

This patch expands prep_new_page() to check every component page in a high
order page allocation, in order to completely stop PG_hwpoison pages from
being recirculated.

Note that the common case -- only allocating a single page, doesn't
do any more work than before. Allocating > order 0 does a bit more work,
but that's relatively uncommon.

This simple implementation may drop some innocent neighbor pages, hopefully
it is not a big problem because the event should be rare enough.

This patch adds some runtime costs to high order page users.

[AK: Improved description]

v2: Andi Kleen:
Port to -mm code
Move check into separate function.
Don't dump stack in bad_pages for hwpoisoned pages.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:12 +02:00
Andi Kleen
888b9f7c58 HWPOISON: Handle hardware poisoned pages in try_to_unmap
When a page has the poison bit set replace the PTE with a poison entry.
This causes the right error handling to be done later when a process runs
into it.

v2: add a new flag to not do that (needed for the memory-failure handler
later) (Fengguang)
v3: remove unnecessary is_migration_entry() test (Fengguang, Minchan)

Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:11 +02:00
Andi Kleen
14fa31b89c HWPOISON: Use bitmask/action code for try_to_unmap behaviour
try_to_unmap currently has multiple modi (migration, munlock, normal unmap)
which are selected by magic flag variables. The logic is not very straight
forward, because each of these flag change multiple behaviours (e.g.
migration turns off aging, not only sets up migration ptes etc.)
Also the different flags interact in magic ways.

A later patch in this series adds another mode to try_to_unmap, so
this becomes quickly unmanageable.

Replace the different flags with a action code (migration, munlock, munmap)
and some additional flags as modifiers (ignore mlock, ignore aging).
This makes the logic more straight forward and allows easier extension
to new behaviours. Change all the caller to declare what they want to
do.

This patch is supposed to be a nop in behaviour. If anyone can prove
it is not that would be a bug.

Cc: Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com
Cc: npiggin@suse.de

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:10 +02:00
Andi Kleen
a3b947eacf HWPOISON: Add poison check to page fault handling
Bail out early when hardware poisoned pages are found in page fault handling.
Since they are poisoned they should not be mapped freshly into processes,
because that would cause another (potentially deadly) machine check

This is generally handled in the same way as OOM, just a different
error code is returned to the architecture code.

v2: Do a page unlock if needed (Fengguang Wu)

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:08 +02:00
Andi Kleen
d1737fdbec HWPOISON: Add basic support for poisoned pages in fault handler v3
- Add a new VM_FAULT_HWPOISON error code to handle_mm_fault. Right now
architectures have to explicitely enable poison page support, so
this is forward compatible to all architectures. They only need
to add it when they enable poison page support.
- Add poison page handling in swap in fault code

v2: Add missing delayacct_clear_flag (Hidehiro Kawai)
v3: Really use delayacct_clear_flag (Hidehiro Kawai)

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:06 +02:00
Andi Kleen
a7420aa54d HWPOISON: Add support for poison swap entries v2
Memory migration uses special swap entry types to trigger special actions on
page faults. Extend this mechanism to also support poisoned swap entries, to
trigger poison handling on page faults. This allows follow-on patches to
prevent processes from faulting in poisoned pages again.

v2: Fix overflow in MAX_SWAPFILES (Fengguang Wu)
v3: Better overflow fix (Hidehiro Kawai)

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:05 +02:00
Andi Kleen
10be22dfe1 HWPOISON: Export some rmap vma locking to outside world
Needed for later patch that walks rmap entries on its own.

This used to be very frowned upon, but memory-failure.c does
some rather specialized rmap walking and rmap has been stable
for quite some time, so I think it's ok now to export it.

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
2009-09-16 11:50:04 +02:00
Ingo Molnar
fdaa45e95d slub: Fix build error in kmem_cache_open() with !CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
This build bug:

 mm/slub.c: In function 'kmem_cache_open':
 mm/slub.c:2476: error: 'disable_higher_order_debug' undeclared (first use in this function)
 mm/slub.c:2476: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
 mm/slub.c:2476: error: for each function it appears in.)

Triggers because there's no !CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG definition for
disable_higher_order_debug.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
2009-09-15 22:32:10 +03:00
Kay Sievers
2b2af54a5b Driver Core: devtmpfs - kernel-maintained tmpfs-based /dev
Devtmpfs lets the kernel create a tmpfs instance called devtmpfs
very early at kernel initialization, before any driver-core device
is registered. Every device with a major/minor will provide a
device node in devtmpfs.

Devtmpfs can be changed and altered by userspace at any time,
and in any way needed - just like today's udev-mounted tmpfs.
Unmodified udev versions will run just fine on top of it, and will
recognize an already existing kernel-created device node and use it.
The default node permissions are root:root 0600. Proper permissions
and user/group ownership, meaningful symlinks, all other policy still
needs to be applied by userspace.

If a node is created by devtmps, devtmpfs will remove the device node
when the device goes away. If the device node was created by
userspace, or the devtmpfs created node was replaced by userspace, it
will no longer be removed by devtmpfs.

If it is requested to auto-mount it, it makes init=/bin/sh work
without any further userspace support. /dev will be fully populated
and dynamic, and always reflect the current device state of the kernel.
With the commonly used dynamic device numbers, it solves the problem
where static devices nodes may point to the wrong devices.

It is intended to make the initial bootup logic simpler and more robust,
by de-coupling the creation of the inital environment, to reliably run
userspace processes, from a complex userspace bootstrap logic to provide
a working /dev.

Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Tested-By: Harald Hoyer <harald@redhat.com>
Tested-By: Scott James Remnant <scott@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2009-09-15 09:50:49 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
ada3fa1505 Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (46 commits)
  powerpc64: convert to dynamic percpu allocator
  sparc64: use embedding percpu first chunk allocator
  percpu: kill lpage first chunk allocator
  x86,percpu: use embedding for 64bit NUMA and page for 32bit NUMA
  percpu: update embedding first chunk allocator to handle sparse units
  percpu: use group information to allocate vmap areas sparsely
  vmalloc: implement pcpu_get_vm_areas()
  vmalloc: separate out insert_vmalloc_vm()
  percpu: add chunk->base_addr
  percpu: add pcpu_unit_offsets[]
  percpu: introduce pcpu_alloc_info and pcpu_group_info
  percpu: move pcpu_lpage_build_unit_map() and pcpul_lpage_dump_cfg() upward
  percpu: add @align to pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t
  percpu: make @dyn_size mandatory for pcpu_setup_first_chunk()
  percpu: drop @static_size from first chunk allocators
  percpu: generalize first chunk allocator selection
  percpu: build first chunk allocators selectively
  percpu: rename 4k first chunk allocator to page
  percpu: improve boot messages
  percpu: fix pcpu_reclaim() locking
  ...

Fix trivial conflict as by Tejun Heo in kernel/sched.c
2009-09-15 09:39:44 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
227423904c Merge branch 'x86-pat-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'x86-pat-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86, pat: Fix cacheflush address in change_page_attr_set_clr()
  mm: remove !NUMA condition from PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED condition set
  x86: Fix earlyprintk=dbgp for machines without NX
  x86, pat: Sanity check remap_pfn_range for RAM region
  x86, pat: Lookup the protection from memtype list on vm_insert_pfn()
  x86, pat: Add lookup_memtype to get the current memtype of a paddr
  x86, pat: Use page flags to track memtypes of RAM pages
  x86, pat: Generalize the use of page flag PG_uncached
  x86, pat: Add rbtree to do quick lookup in memtype tracking
  x86, pat: Add PAT reserve free to io_mapping* APIs
  x86, pat: New i/f for driver to request memtype for IO regions
  x86, pat: ioremap to follow same PAT restrictions as other PAT users
  x86, pat: Keep identity maps consistent with mmaps even when pat_disabled
  x86, mtrr: make mtrr_aps_delayed_init static bool
  x86, pat/mtrr: Rendezvous all the cpus for MTRR/PAT init
  generic-ipi: Allow cpus not yet online to call smp_call_function with irqs disabled
  x86: Fix an incorrect argument of reserve_bootmem()
  x86: Fix system crash when loading with "reservetop" parameter
2009-09-15 09:19:38 -07:00
Tejun Heo
5579fd7e6a Merge branch 'for-next' into for-linus
* pcpu_chunk_page_occupied() doesn't exist in for-next.
* pcpu_chunk_addr_search() updated to use raw_smp_processor_id().

Conflicts:
	mm/percpu.c
2009-09-15 09:57:19 +09:00
Linus Torvalds
355bbd8cb8 Merge branch 'for-2.6.32' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block
* 'for-2.6.32' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (29 commits)
  block: use blkdev_issue_discard in blk_ioctl_discard
  Make DISCARD_BARRIER and DISCARD_NOBARRIER writes instead of reads
  block: don't assume device has a request list backing in nr_requests store
  block: Optimal I/O limit wrapper
  cfq: choose a new next_req when a request is dispatched
  Seperate read and write statistics of in_flight requests
  aoe: end barrier bios with EOPNOTSUPP
  block: trace bio queueing trial only when it occurs
  block: enable rq CPU completion affinity by default
  cfq: fix the log message after dispatched a request
  block: use printk_once
  cciss: memory leak in cciss_init_one()
  splice: update mtime and atime on files
  block: make blk_iopoll_prep_sched() follow normal 0/1 return convention
  cfq-iosched: get rid of must_alloc flag
  block: use interrupts disabled version of raise_softirq_irqoff()
  block: fix comment in blk-iopoll.c
  block: adjust default budget for blk-iopoll
  block: fix long lines in block/blk-iopoll.c
  block: add blk-iopoll, a NAPI like approach for block devices
  ...
2009-09-14 17:55:15 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
69def9f05d Merge branch 'kvm-updates/2.6.32' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
* 'kvm-updates/2.6.32' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (202 commits)
  MAINTAINERS: update KVM entry
  KVM: correct error-handling code
  KVM: fix compile warnings on s390
  KVM: VMX: Check cpl before emulating debug register access
  KVM: fix misreporting of coalesced interrupts by kvm tracer
  KVM: x86: drop duplicate kvm_flush_remote_tlb calls
  KVM: VMX: call vmx_load_host_state() only if msr is cached
  KVM: VMX: Conditionally reload debug register 6
  KVM: Use thread debug register storage instead of kvm specific data
  KVM guest: do not batch pte updates from interrupt context
  KVM: Fix coalesced interrupt reporting in IOAPIC
  KVM guest: fix bogus wallclock physical address calculation
  KVM: VMX: Fix cr8 exiting control clobbering by EPT
  KVM: Optimize kvm_mmu_unprotect_page_virt() for tdp
  KVM: Document KVM_CAP_IRQCHIP
  KVM: Protect update_cr8_intercept() when running without an apic
  KVM: VMX: Fix EPT with WP bit change during paging
  KVM: Use kvm_{read,write}_guest_virt() to read and write segment descriptors
  KVM: x86 emulator: Add adc and sbb missing decoder flags
  KVM: Add missing #include
  ...
2009-09-14 17:43:43 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
bb193c986a Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6:
  slub: fix slab_pad_check()
  slub: release kobject if sysfs_create_group failed in sysfs_slab_add
  SLUB: fix ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN cases 64 and 256
  SLUB: Fix some coding style issues
  SLUB: Drop write permission to /proc/slabinfo
  slab: remove duplicate kmem_cache_init_late() declarations
  slub: change kmem_cache->align to record the real alignment
  slub: use size and objsize orders to disable debug flags
  slub: add option to disable higher order debugging slabs
2009-09-14 17:38:52 -07:00
Pekka Enberg
aceda77360 Merge branches 'slab/cleanups' and 'slab/fixes' into for-linus 2009-09-14 20:19:06 +03:00
Jan Kara
18f2ee705d vfs: Remove generic_osync_inode() and sync_page_range{_nolock}()
Remove these three functions since nobody uses them anymore.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2009-09-14 17:08:17 +02:00
Jan Kara
148f948ba8 vfs: Introduce new helpers for syncing after writing to O_SYNC file or IS_SYNC inode
Introduce new function for generic inode syncing (vfs_fsync_range) and use
it from fsync() path. Introduce also new helper for syncing after a sync
write (generic_write_sync) using the generic function.

Use these new helpers for syncing from generic VFS functions. This makes
O_SYNC writes to block devices acquire i_mutex for syncing. If we really
care about this, we can make block_fsync() drop the i_mutex and reacquire
it before it returns.

CC: Evgeniy Polyakov <zbr@ioremap.net>
CC: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
CC: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
CC: Felix Blyakher <felixb@sgi.com>
CC: xfs@oss.sgi.com
CC: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net>
CC: linux-ntfs-dev@lists.sourceforge.net
CC: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
CC: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org
CC: tytso@mit.edu
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2009-09-14 17:08:15 +02:00
Christoph Hellwig
eef9938067 vfs: Rename generic_file_aio_write_nolock
generic_file_aio_write_nolock() is now used only by block devices and raw
character device. Filesystems should use __generic_file_aio_write() in case
generic_file_aio_write() doesn't suit them. So rename the function to
blkdev_aio_write() and move it to fs/blockdev.c.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2009-09-14 17:08:15 +02:00
Jan Kara
c7b50db21f vfs: Remove syncing from generic_file_direct_write() and generic_file_buffered_write()
generic_file_direct_write() and generic_file_buffered_write() called
generic_osync_inode() if it was called on O_SYNC file or IS_SYNC inode. But
this is superfluous since generic_file_aio_write() does the syncing as well.
Also XFS and OCFS2 which call these functions directly handle syncing
themselves. So let's have a single place where syncing happens:
generic_file_aio_write().

We slightly change the behavior by syncing only the range of file to which the
write happened for buffered writes but that should be all that is required.

CC: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
CC: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
CC: Felix Blyakher <felixb@sgi.com>
CC: xfs@oss.sgi.com
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2009-09-14 17:08:15 +02:00
Jan Kara
e4dd9de3c6 vfs: Export __generic_file_aio_write() and add some comments
Rename __generic_file_aio_write_nolock() to __generic_file_aio_write(), add
comments to write helpers explaining how they should be used and export
__generic_file_aio_write() since it will be used by some filesystems.

CC: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
CC: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <zbr@ioremap.net>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2009-09-14 17:08:14 +02:00
Jan Kara
d3bccb6f4b vfs: Introduce filemap_fdatawait_range
This simple helper saves some filesystems conversion from byte offset
to page numbers and also makes the fdata* interface more complete.

Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2009-09-14 17:08:14 +02:00
Christoph Hellwig
746cd1e7e4 block: use blkdev_issue_discard in blk_ioctl_discard
blk_ioctl_discard duplicates large amounts of code from blkdev_issue_discard,
the only difference between the two is that blkdev_issue_discard needs to
send a barrier discard request and blk_ioctl_discard a non-barrier one,
and blk_ioctl_discard needs to wait on the request.  To facilitates this
add a flags argument to blkdev_issue_discard to control both aspects of the
behaviour.  This will be very useful later on for using the waiting
funcitonality for other callers.

Based on an earlier patch from Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-14 08:24:53 +02:00
Eric Dumazet
8a3d271deb slub: fix slab_pad_check()
When SLAB_POISON is used and slab_pad_check() finds an overwrite of the
slab padding, we call restore_bytes() on the whole slab, not only
on the padding.

Acked-by: Christoph Lameer <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Reported-by: Zdenek Kabelac <zdenek.kabelac@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
2009-09-14 07:57:55 +03:00
Linus Torvalds
a12e4d304c Merge branch 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block
* 'writeback' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
  writeback: check for registered bdi in flusher add and inode dirty
  writeback: add name to backing_dev_info
  writeback: add some debug inode list counters to bdi stats
  writeback: get rid of pdflush completely
  writeback: switch to per-bdi threads for flushing data
  writeback: move dirty inodes from super_block to backing_dev_info
  writeback: get rid of generic_sync_sb_inodes() export
2009-09-11 09:17:05 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
1b195b170d Merge branch 'kmemleak' of git://linux-arm.org/linux-2.6
* 'kmemleak' of git://linux-arm.org/linux-2.6:
  kmemleak: Improve the "Early log buffer exceeded" error message
  kmemleak: fix sparse warning for static declarations
  kmemleak: fix sparse warning over overshadowed flags
  kmemleak: move common painting code together
  kmemleak: add clear command support
  kmemleak: use bool for true/false questions
  kmemleak: Do no create the clean-up thread during kmemleak_disable()
  kmemleak: Scan all thread stacks
  kmemleak: Don't scan uninitialized memory when kmemcheck is enabled
  kmemleak: Ignore the aperture memory hole on x86_64
  kmemleak: Printing of the objects hex dump
  kmemleak: Do not report alloc_bootmem blocks as leaks
  kmemleak: Save the stack trace for early allocations
  kmemleak: Mark the early log buffer as __initdata
  kmemleak: Dump object information on request
  kmemleak: Allow rescheduling during an object scanning
2009-09-11 09:16:22 -07:00
Catalin Marinas
addd72c1a9 kmemleak: Improve the "Early log buffer exceeded" error message
Based on a suggestion from Jaswinder, clarify what the user would need
to do to avoid this error message from kmemleak.

Reported-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinder@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2009-09-11 10:42:09 +01:00
Jens Axboe
500b067c5e writeback: check for registered bdi in flusher add and inode dirty
Also a debugging aid. We want to catch dirty inodes being added to
backing devices that don't do writeback.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-11 09:20:26 +02:00
Jens Axboe
d993831fa7 writeback: add name to backing_dev_info
This enables us to track who does what and print info. Its main use
is catching dirty inodes on the default_backing_dev_info, so we can
fix that up.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-11 09:20:26 +02:00
Jens Axboe
f09b00d3e7 writeback: add some debug inode list counters to bdi stats
Add some debug entries to be able to inspect the internal state of
the writeback details.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-11 09:20:26 +02:00
Jens Axboe
d0bceac747 writeback: get rid of pdflush completely
It is now unused, so kill it off.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-11 09:20:25 +02:00
Jens Axboe
03ba3782e8 writeback: switch to per-bdi threads for flushing data
This gets rid of pdflush for bdi writeout and kupdated style cleaning.
pdflush writeout suffers from lack of locality and also requires more
threads to handle the same workload, since it has to work in a
non-blocking fashion against each queue. This also introduces lumpy
behaviour and potential request starvation, since pdflush can be starved
for queue access if others are accessing it. A sample ffsb workload that
does random writes to files is about 8% faster here on a simple SATA drive
during the benchmark phase. File layout also seems a LOT more smooth in
vmstat:

 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in    cs us sy id wa
 0  1      0 608848   2652 375372    0    0     0 71024  604    24  1 10 48 42
 0  1      0 549644   2712 433736    0    0     0 60692  505    27  1  8 48 44
 1  0      0 476928   2784 505192    0    0     4 29540  553    24  0  9 53 37
 0  1      0 457972   2808 524008    0    0     0 54876  331    16  0  4 38 58
 0  1      0 366128   2928 614284    0    0     4 92168  710    58  0 13 53 34
 0  1      0 295092   3000 684140    0    0     0 62924  572    23  0  9 53 37
 0  1      0 236592   3064 741704    0    0     4 58256  523    17  0  8 48 44
 0  1      0 165608   3132 811464    0    0     0 57460  560    21  0  8 54 38
 0  1      0 102952   3200 873164    0    0     4 74748  540    29  1 10 48 41
 0  1      0  48604   3252 926472    0    0     0 53248  469    29  0  7 47 45

where vanilla tends to fluctuate a lot in the creation phase:

 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in    cs us sy id wa
 1  1      0 678716   5792 303380    0    0     0 74064  565    50  1 11 52 36
 1  0      0 662488   5864 319396    0    0     4   352  302   329  0  2 47 51
 0  1      0 599312   5924 381468    0    0     0 78164  516    55  0  9 51 40
 0  1      0 519952   6008 459516    0    0     4 78156  622    56  1 11 52 37
 1  1      0 436640   6092 541632    0    0     0 82244  622    54  0 11 48 41
 0  1      0 436640   6092 541660    0    0     0     8  152    39  0  0 51 49
 0  1      0 332224   6200 644252    0    0     4 102800  728    46  1 13 49 36
 1  0      0 274492   6260 701056    0    0     4 12328  459    49  0  7 50 43
 0  1      0 211220   6324 763356    0    0     0 106940  515    37  1 10 51 39
 1  0      0 160412   6376 813468    0    0     0  8224  415    43  0  6 49 45
 1  1      0  85980   6452 886556    0    0     4 113516  575    39  1 11 54 34
 0  2      0  85968   6452 886620    0    0     0  1640  158   211  0  0 46 54

A 10 disk test with btrfs performs 26% faster with per-bdi flushing. A
SSD based writeback test on XFS performs over 20% better as well, with
the throughput being very stable around 1GB/sec, where pdflush only
manages 750MB/sec and fluctuates wildly while doing so. Random buffered
writes to many files behave a lot better as well, as does random mmap'ed
writes.

A separate thread is added to sync the super blocks. In the long term,
adding sync_supers_bdi() functionality could get rid of this thread again.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-11 09:20:25 +02:00
Jens Axboe
66f3b8e2e1 writeback: move dirty inodes from super_block to backing_dev_info
This is a first step at introducing per-bdi flusher threads. We should
have no change in behaviour, although sb_has_dirty_inodes() is now
ridiculously expensive, as there's no easy way to answer that question.
Not a huge problem, since it'll be deleted in subsequent patches.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-09-11 09:20:25 +02:00
Joerg Roedel
f340ca0f06 hugetlbfs: export vma_kernel_pagsize to modules
This function is required by KVM.

Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
2009-09-10 08:33:01 +03:00