Commit Graph

7469 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Wanpeng Li
29b4eedee6 mm/hwpoison.c: fix held reference count after unpoisoning empty zero page
madvise hwpoison inject will poison the read-only empty zero page if there
is no write access before poison.  Empty zero page reference count will be
increased for hwpoison, subsequent poison zero page will return directly
since page has already been set PG_hwpoison, however, page reference count
is still increased by get_user_pages_fast.  The unpoison process will
unpoison the empty zero page and decrease the reference count successfully
for the fist time, however, subsequent unpoison empty zero page will
return directly since page has already been unpoisoned and without
decrease the page reference count of empty zero page.

This patch fixes it by make madvise_hwpoison() put a page and return
immediately (without calling memory_failure() or soft_offline_page()) when
the page is already hwpoisoned.

Testcase:

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define PAGES_TO_TEST 3
#define PAGE_SIZE	4096

int main(void)
{
	char *mem;
	int i;

	mem = mmap(NULL, PAGES_TO_TEST * PAGE_SIZE,
			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0);

	if (madvise(mem, PAGES_TO_TEST * PAGE_SIZE, MADV_HWPOISON) == -1)
		return -1;

	munmap(mem, PAGES_TO_TEST * PAGE_SIZE);

	return 0;
}

Add printk to dump page reference count:

[   93.075959] Injecting memory failure for page 0x19d0 at 0xb77d8000
[   93.076207] MCE 0x19d0: non LRU page recovery: Ignored
[   93.076209] pfn 0x19d0, page count = 1 after memory failure
[   93.076220] Injecting memory failure for page 0x19d0 at 0xb77d9000
[   93.076221] MCE 0x19d0: already hardware poisoned
[   93.076222] pfn 0x19d0, page count = 2 after memory failure
[   93.076224] Injecting memory failure for page 0x19d0 at 0xb77da000
[   93.076224] MCE 0x19d0: already hardware poisoned
[   93.076225] pfn 0x19d0, page count = 3 after memory failure

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:11 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
b194b8cdb8 mm/hwpoison: add '#' to madvise_hwpoison
Add '#' to madvise_hwpoison.

Before patch:

[   95.892866] Injecting memory failure for page 19d0 at b7786000
[   95.893151] MCE 0x19d0: non LRU page recovery: Ignored

After patch:

[   95.892866] Injecting memory failure for page 0x19d0 at 0xb7786000
[   95.893151] MCE 0x19d0: non LRU page recovery: Ignored

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:11 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
86e057734b mm/hwpoison: drop forward reference declarations __soft_offline_page()
Drop forward reference declarations __soft_offline_page.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:11 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
0be35096a1 mm/hwpoison: don't set migration type twice to avoid holding heavily contend zone->lock
Set pageblock migration type will hold zone->lock which is heavy contended
in system to avoid race.  However, soft offline page will set pageblock
migration type twice during get page if the page is in used, not hugetlbfs
page and not on lru list.  There is unnecessary to set the pageblock
migration type and hold heavy contended zone->lock again if the first
round get page have already set the pageblock to right migration type.

The trick here is migration type is MIGRATE_ISOLATE.  There are other two
parts can change MIGRATE_ISOLATE except hwpoison.  One is memory hoplug,
however, we hold lock_memory_hotplug() which avoid race.  The second is
CMA which umovable page allocation requst can't fallback to.  So it's safe
here.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:09 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
dd9538a597 mm/hwpoison: replace atomic_long_sub() with atomic_long_dec()
Replace atomic_long_sub() with atomic_long_dec() since the page is normal
page instead of hugetlbfs page or thp.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:09 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
0cea3fdc41 mm/hwpoison: fix race against poison thp
There is a race between hwpoison page and unpoison page, memory_failure
set the page hwpoison and increase num_poisoned_pages without hold page
lock, and one page count will be accounted against thp for
num_poisoned_pages.  However, unpoison can occur before memory_failure
hold page lock and split transparent hugepage, unpoison will decrease
num_poisoned_pages by 1 << compound_order since memory_failure has not yet
split transparent hugepage with page lock held.  That means we account one
page for hwpoison and 1 << compound_order for unpoison.  This patch fix it
by inserting a PageTransHuge check before doing TestClearPageHWPoison,
unpoison failed without clearing PageHWPoison and decreasing
num_poisoned_pages.

            A                                                 	B
    	memory_failue
        TestSetPageHWPoison(p);
        if (PageHuge(p))
            nr_pages = 1 << compound_order(hpage);
        else
            nr_pages = 1;
        atomic_long_add(nr_pages, &num_poisoned_pages);
                                                            unpoison_memory
	                                                        nr_pages = 1<< compound_trans_order(page);
                                                            if(TestClearPageHWPoison(p))
                                                            atomic_long_sub(nr_pages, &num_poisoned_pages);
        lock page
        if (!PageHWPoison(p))
        	unlock page and return
        hwpoison_user_mappings
        if (PageTransHuge(hpage))
        	split_huge_page(hpage);

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:08 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
f9121153fd mm/hwpoison: don't need to hold compound lock for hugetlbfs page
compound lock is introduced by commit e9da73d67("thp: compound_lock."), it
is used to serialize put_page against __split_huge_page_refcount().  In
addition, transparent hugepages will be splitted in hwpoison handler and
just one subpage will be poisoned.  There is unnecessary to hold compound
lock for hugetlbfs page.  This patch replace compound_trans_order by
compond_order in the place where the page is hugetlbfs page.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:08 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
841fcc583f mm/hwpoison: fix loss of PG_dirty for errors on mlocked pages
memory_failure() store the page flag of the error page before doing unmap,
and (only) if the first check with page flags at the time decided the
error page is unknown, it do the second check with the stored page flag
since memory_failure() does unmapping of the error pages before doing
page_action().  This unmapping changes the page state, especially
page_remove_rmap() (called from try_to_unmap_one()) clears PG_mlocked, so
page_action() can't catch mlocked pages after that.

However, memory_failure() can't handle memory errors on dirty mlocked
pages correctly.  try_to_unmap_one will move the dirty bit from pte to the
physical page, the second check lose it since it check the stored page
flag.  This patch fix it by restore PG_dirty flag to stored page flag if
the page is dirty.

Testcase:

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define PAGES_TO_TEST 2
#define PAGE_SIZE	4096

int main(void)
{
	char *mem;
	int i;

	mem = mmap(NULL, PAGES_TO_TEST * PAGE_SIZE,
			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_LOCKED, 0, 0);

	for (i = 0; i < PAGES_TO_TEST; i++)
		mem[i * PAGE_SIZE] = 'a';

	if (madvise(mem, PAGES_TO_TEST * PAGE_SIZE, MADV_HWPOISON) == -1)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

Before patch:

[  912.839247] Injecting memory failure for page 7dfb8 at 7f6b4e37b000
[  912.839257] MCE 0x7dfb8: clean mlocked LRU page recovery: Recovered
[  912.845550] MCE 0x7dfb8: clean mlocked LRU page still referenced by 1 users
[  912.852586] Injecting memory failure for page 7e6aa at 7f6b4e37c000
[  912.852594] MCE 0x7e6aa: clean mlocked LRU page recovery: Recovered
[  912.858936] MCE 0x7e6aa: clean mlocked LRU page still referenced by 1 users

After patch:

[  163.590225] Injecting memory failure for page 91bc2f at 7f9f5b0e5000
[  163.590264] MCE 0x91bc2f: dirty mlocked LRU page recovery: Recovered
[  163.596680] MCE 0x91bc2f: dirty mlocked LRU page still referenced by 1 users
[  163.603831] Injecting memory failure for page 91cdd3 at 7f9f5b0e6000
[  163.603852] MCE 0x91cdd3: dirty mlocked LRU page recovery: Recovered
[  163.610305] MCE 0x91cdd3: dirty mlocked LRU page still referenced by 1 users

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:08 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
0d6fdbdb2a hwpoison: always unset MIGRATE_ISOLATE before returning from soft_offline_page()
Soft offline code expects that MIGRATE_ISOLATE is set on the target page
only during soft offlining work.  But currenly it doesn't work as expected
when get_any_page() fails and returns negative value.  In the result, end
users can have unexpectedly isolated pages.  This patch just fixes it.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:08 -07:00
Wang Sheng-Hui
cf6fe94538 mm: correct the comment about the value for buddy _mapcount
Set _mapcount PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE to make the page buddy.  Not the
magic number -2.

Signed-off-by: Wang Sheng-Hui <shhuiw@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:06 -07:00
Maxim Patlasov
5a53748568 mm/page-writeback.c: add strictlimit feature
The feature prevents mistrusted filesystems (ie: FUSE mounts created by
unprivileged users) to grow a large number of dirty pages before
throttling.  For such filesystems balance_dirty_pages always check bdi
counters against bdi limits.  I.e.  even if global "nr_dirty" is under
"freerun", it's not allowed to skip bdi checks.  The only use case for now
is fuse: it sets bdi max_ratio to 1% by default and system administrators
are supposed to expect that this limit won't be exceeded.

The feature is on if a BDI is marked by BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT flag.  A
filesystem may set the flag when it initializes its BDI.

The problematic scenario comes from the fact that nobody pays attention to
the NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP counter (i.e.  number of pages under fuse
writeback).  The implementation of fuse writeback releases original page
(by calling end_page_writeback) almost immediately.  A fuse request queued
for real processing bears a copy of original page.  Hence, if userspace
fuse daemon doesn't finalize write requests in timely manner, an
aggressive mmap writer can pollute virtually all memory by those temporary
fuse page copies.  They are carefully accounted in NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP, but
nobody cares.

To make further explanations shorter, let me use "NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP
problem" as a shortcut for "a possibility of uncontrolled grow of amount
of RAM consumed by temporary pages allocated by kernel fuse to process
writeback".

The problem was very easy to reproduce.  There is a trivial example
filesystem implementation in fuse userspace distribution: fusexmp_fh.c.  I
added "sleep(1);" to the write methods, then recompiled and mounted it.
Then created a huge file on the mount point and run a simple program which
mmap-ed the file to a memory region, then wrote a data to the region.  An
hour later I observed almost all RAM consumed by fuse writeback.  Since
then some unrelated changes in kernel fuse made it more difficult to
reproduce, but it is still possible now.

Putting this theoretical happens-in-the-lab thing aside, there is another
thing that really hurts real world (FUSE) users.  This is write-through
page cache policy FUSE currently uses.  I.e.  handling write(2), kernel
fuse populates page cache and flushes user data to the server
synchronously.  This is excessively suboptimal.  Pavel Emelyanov's patches
("writeback cache policy") solve the problem, but they also make resolving
NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP problem absolutely necessary.  Otherwise, simply copying
a huge file to a fuse mount would result in memory starvation.  Miklos,
the maintainer of FUSE, believes strictlimit feature the way to go.

And eventually putting FUSE topics aside, there is one more use-case for
strictlimit feature.  Using a slow USB stick (mass storage) in a machine
with huge amount of RAM installed is a well-known pain.  Let's make simple
computations.  Assuming 64GB of RAM installed, existing implementation of
balance_dirty_pages will start throttling only after 9.6GB of RAM becomes
dirty (freerun == 15% of total RAM).  So, the command "cp 9GB_file
/media/my-usb-storage/" may return in a few seconds, but subsequent
"umount /media/my-usb-storage/" will take more than two hours if effective
throughput of the storage is, to say, 1MB/sec.

After inclusion of strictlimit feature, it will be trivial to add a knob
(e.g.  /sys/devices/virtual/bdi/x:y/strictlimit) to enable it on demand.
Manually or via udev rule.  May be I'm wrong, but it seems to be quite a
natural desire to limit the amount of dirty memory for some devices we are
not fully trust (in the sense of sustainable throughput).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning in page-writeback.c]
Signed-off-by: Maxim Patlasov <MPatlasov@parallels.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:04 -07:00
Chen Gang
4c3bffc272 mm/backing-dev.c: check user buffer length before copying data to the related user buffer
'*lenp' may be less than "sizeof(kbuf)" so we must check this before the
next copy_to_user().

pdflush_proc_obsolete() is called by sysctl which 'procname' is
"nr_pdflush_threads", if the user passes buffer length less than
"sizeof(kbuf)", it will cause issue.

Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:03 -07:00
Chen Gang
1ecfd533f4 mm/mremap.c: call pud_free() after fail calling pmd_alloc()
In alloc_new_pmd(), if pud_alloc() was called successfully, but
pmd_alloc() fails, avoid leaking `pud'.

Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:03 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
762216ab4e mm/vmalloc: use wrapper function get_vm_area_size to caculate size of vm area
Use wrapper function get_vm_area_size to calculate size of vm area.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:02 -07:00
Wanpeng Li
187320932d mm/sparse: introduce alloc_usemap_and_memmap
After commit 9bdac91424 ("sparsemem: Put mem map for one node
together."), vmemmap for one node will be allocated together, its logic
is similar as memory allocation for pageblock flags.  This patch
introduces alloc_usemap_and_memmap to extract the same logic of memory
alloction for pageblock flags and vmemmap.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:01 -07:00
Lisa Du
6e543d5780 mm: vmscan: fix do_try_to_free_pages() livelock
This patch is based on KOSAKI's work and I add a little more description,
please refer https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/14/74.

Currently, I found system can enter a state that there are lots of free
pages in a zone but only order-0 and order-1 pages which means the zone is
heavily fragmented, then high order allocation could make direct reclaim
path's long stall(ex, 60 seconds) especially in no swap and no compaciton
enviroment.  This problem happened on v3.4, but it seems issue still lives
in current tree, the reason is do_try_to_free_pages enter live lock:

kswapd will go to sleep if the zones have been fully scanned and are still
not balanced.  As kswapd thinks there's little point trying all over again
to avoid infinite loop.  Instead it changes order from high-order to
0-order because kswapd think order-0 is the most important.  Look at
73ce02e9 in detail.  If watermarks are ok, kswapd will go back to sleep
and may leave zone->all_unreclaimable =3D 0.  It assume high-order users
can still perform direct reclaim if they wish.

Direct reclaim continue to reclaim for a high order which is not a
COSTLY_ORDER without oom-killer until kswapd turn on
zone->all_unreclaimble= .  This is because to avoid too early oom-kill.
So it means direct_reclaim depends on kswapd to break this loop.

In worst case, direct-reclaim may continue to page reclaim forever when
kswapd sleeps forever until someone like watchdog detect and finally kill
the process.  As described in:
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/103737

We can't turn on zone->all_unreclaimable from direct reclaim path because
direct reclaim path don't take any lock and this way is racy.  Thus this
patch removes zone->all_unreclaimable field completely and recalculates
zone reclaimable state every time.

Note: we can't take the idea that direct-reclaim see zone->pages_scanned
directly and kswapd continue to use zone->all_unreclaimable.  Because, it
is racy.  commit 929bea7c71 (vmscan: all_unreclaimable() use
zone->all_unreclaimable as a name) describes the detail.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: uninline zone_reclaimable_pages() and zone_reclaimable()]
Cc: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Neil Zhang <zhangwm@marvell.com>
Cc: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lisa Du <cldu@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:01 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
7a8010cd36 mm: munlock: manual pte walk in fast path instead of follow_page_mask()
Currently munlock_vma_pages_range() calls follow_page_mask() to obtain
each individual struct page.  This entails repeated full page table
translations and page table lock taken for each page separately.

This patch avoids the costly follow_page_mask() where possible, by
iterating over ptes within single pmd under single page table lock.  The
first pte is obtained by get_locked_pte() for non-THP page acquired by the
initial follow_page_mask().  The rest of the on-stack pagevec for munlock
is filled up using pte_walk as long as pte_present() and vm_normal_page()
are sufficient to obtain the struct page.

After this patch, a 14% speedup was measured for munlocking a 56GB large
memory area with THP disabled.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:01 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
5b40998ae3 mm: munlock: remove redundant get_page/put_page pair on the fast path
The performance of the fast path in munlock_vma_range() can be further
improved by avoiding atomic ops of a redundant get_page()/put_page() pair.

When calling get_page() during page isolation, we already have the pin
from follow_page_mask().  This pin will be then returned by
__pagevec_lru_add(), after which we do not reference the pages anymore.

After this patch, an 8% speedup was measured for munlocking a 56GB large
memory area with THP disabled.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:00 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
56afe477df mm: munlock: bypass per-cpu pvec for putback_lru_page
After introducing batching by pagevecs into munlock_vma_range(), we can
further improve performance by bypassing the copying into per-cpu pagevec
and the get_page/put_page pair associated with that.  Instead we perform
LRU putback directly from our pagevec.  However, this is possible only for
single-mapped pages that are evictable after munlock.  Unevictable pages
require rechecking after putting on the unevictable list, so for those we
fallback to putback_lru_page(), hich handles that.

After this patch, a 13% speedup was measured for munlocking a 56GB large
memory area with THP disabled.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org:clarify comment]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:00 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
1ebb7cc6a5 mm: munlock: batch NR_MLOCK zone state updates
Depending on previous batch which introduced batched isolation in
munlock_vma_range(), we can batch also the updates of NR_MLOCK page stats.
 After the whole pagevec is processed for page isolation, the stats are
updated only once with the number of successful isolations.  There were
however no measurable perfomance gains.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:00 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
7225522bb4 mm: munlock: batch non-THP page isolation and munlock+putback using pagevec
Currently, munlock_vma_range() calls munlock_vma_page on each page in a
loop, which results in repeated taking and releasing of the lru_lock
spinlock for isolating pages one by one.  This patch batches the munlock
operations using an on-stack pagevec, so that isolation is done under
single lru_lock.  For THP pages, the old behavior is preserved as they
might be split while putting them into the pagevec.  After this patch, a
9% speedup was measured for munlocking a 56GB large memory area with THP
disabled.

A new function __munlock_pagevec() is introduced that takes a pagevec and:
1) It clears PageMlocked and isolates all pages under lru_lock.  Zone page
stats can be also updated using the variant which assumes disabled
interrupts.  2) It finishes the munlock and lru putback on all pages under
their lock_page.  Note that previously, lock_page covered also the
PageMlocked clearing and page isolation, but it is not needed for those
operations.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:00 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
586a32ac1d mm: munlock: remove unnecessary call to lru_add_drain()
In munlock_vma_range(), lru_add_drain() is currently called in a loop
before each munlock_vma_page() call.

This is suboptimal for performance when munlocking many pages.  The
benefits of per-cpu pagevec for batching the LRU putback are removed since
the pagevec only holds at most one page from the previous loop's
iteration.

The lru_add_drain() call also does not serve any purposes for correctness
- it does not even drain pagavecs of all cpu's.  The munlock code already
expects and handles situations where a page cannot be isolated from the
LRU (e.g.  because it is on some per-cpu pagevec).

The history of the (not commented) call also suggest that it appears there
as an oversight rather than intentionally.  Before commit ff6a6da6 ("mm:
accelerate munlock() treatment of THP pages") the call happened only once
upon entering the function.  The commit has moved the call into the while
loope.  So while the other changes in the commit improved munlock
performance for THP pages, it introduced the abovementioned suboptimal
per-cpu pagevec usage.

Further in history, before commit 408e82b7 ("mm: munlock use
follow_page"), munlock_vma_pages_range() was just a wrapper around
__mlock_vma_pages_range which performed both mlock and munlock depending
on a flag.  However, before ba470de4 ("mmap: handle mlocked pages during
map, remap, unmap") the function handled only mlock, not munlock.  The
lru_add_drain call thus comes from the implementation in commit b291f000
("mlock: mlocked pages are unevictable" and was intended only for
mlocking, not munlocking.  The original intention of draining the LRU
pagevec at mlock time was to ensure the pages were on the LRU before the
lock operation so that they could be placed on the unevictable list
immediately.  There is very little motivation to do the same in the
munlock path this, particularly for every single page.

This patch therefore removes the call completely.  After removing the
call, a 10% speedup was measured for munlock() of a 56GB large memory area
with THP disabled.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:00 -07:00
Vlastimil Babka
0ec3b74c7f mm: putback_lru_page: remove unnecessary call to page_lru_base_type()
The goal of this patch series is to improve performance of munlock() of
large mlocked memory areas on systems without THP.  This is motivated by
reported very long times of crash recovery of processes with such areas,
where munlock() can take several seconds.  See
http://lwn.net/Articles/548108/

The work was driven by a simple benchmark (to be included in mmtests) that
mmaps() e.g.  56GB with MAP_LOCKED | MAP_POPULATE and measures the time of
munlock().  Profiling was performed by attaching operf --pid to the
process and sending a signal to trigger the munlock() part and then notify
bach the monitoring wrapper to stop operf, so that only munlock() appears
in the profile.

The profiles have shown that CPU time is spent mostly by atomic operations
and repeated locking per single pages. This series aims to reduce both, starting
from simpler to more complex changes.

Patch 1 performs a simple cleanup in putback_lru_page() so that page lru base
	type is not determined without being actually needed.

Patch 2 removes an unnecessary call to lru_add_drain() which drains the per-cpu
	pagevec after each munlocked page is put there.

Patch 3 changes munlock_vma_range() to use an on-stack pagevec for isolating
	multiple non-THP pages under a single lru_lock instead of locking and
	processing each page separately.

Patch 4 changes the NR_MLOCK accounting to be called only once per the pvec
	introduced by previous patch.

Patch 5 uses the introduced pagevec to batch also the work of putback_lru_page
	when possible, bypassing the per-cpu pvec and associated overhead.

Patch 6 removes a redundant get_page/put_page pair which saves costly atomic
	operations.

Patch 7 avoids calling follow_page_mask() on each individual page, and obtains
	multiple page references under a single page table lock where possible.

Measurements were made using 3.11-rc3 as a baseline.  The first set of
measurements shows the possibly ideal conditions where batching should
help the most.  All memory is allocated from a single NUMA node and THP is
disabled.

timedmunlock
                            3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3
                                   0                     1                     2                     3                     4                     5                     6                     7
Elapsed min           3.38 (  0.00%)        3.39 ( -0.13%)        3.00 ( 11.33%)        2.70 ( 20.20%)        2.67 ( 21.11%)        2.37 ( 29.88%)        2.20 ( 34.91%)        1.91 ( 43.59%)
Elapsed mean          3.39 (  0.00%)        3.40 ( -0.23%)        3.01 ( 11.33%)        2.70 ( 20.26%)        2.67 ( 21.21%)        2.38 ( 29.88%)        2.21 ( 34.93%)        1.92 ( 43.46%)
Elapsed stddev        0.01 (  0.00%)        0.01 (-43.09%)        0.01 ( 15.42%)        0.01 ( 23.42%)        0.00 ( 89.78%)        0.01 ( -7.15%)        0.00 ( 76.69%)        0.02 (-91.77%)
Elapsed max           3.41 (  0.00%)        3.43 ( -0.52%)        3.03 ( 11.29%)        2.72 ( 20.16%)        2.67 ( 21.63%)        2.40 ( 29.50%)        2.21 ( 35.21%)        1.96 ( 42.39%)
Elapsed range         0.03 (  0.00%)        0.04 (-51.16%)        0.02 (  6.27%)        0.02 ( 14.67%)        0.00 ( 88.90%)        0.03 (-19.18%)        0.01 ( 73.70%)        0.06 (-113.35%

The second set of measurements simulates the worst possible conditions for
batching by using numactl --interleave, so that there is in fact only one
page per pagevec.  Even in this case the series seems to improve
performance thanks to reduced atomic operations and removal of
lru_add_drain().

timedmunlock
                            3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3
                                   0                     1                     2                     3                     4                     5                     6                     7
Elapsed min           4.00 (  0.00%)        4.04 ( -0.93%)        3.87 (  3.37%)        3.72 (  6.94%)        3.81 (  4.72%)        3.69 (  7.82%)        3.64 (  8.92%)        3.41 ( 14.81%)
Elapsed mean          4.17 (  0.00%)        4.15 (  0.51%)        4.03 (  3.49%)        3.89 (  6.84%)        3.86 (  7.48%)        3.89 (  6.69%)        3.70 ( 11.27%)        3.48 ( 16.59%)
Elapsed stddev        0.16 (  0.00%)        0.08 ( 50.76%)        0.10 ( 41.58%)        0.16 (  4.59%)        0.05 ( 72.38%)        0.19 (-12.91%)        0.05 ( 68.09%)        0.06 ( 66.03%)
Elapsed max           4.34 (  0.00%)        4.32 (  0.56%)        4.19 (  3.62%)        4.12 (  5.15%)        3.91 (  9.88%)        4.12 (  5.25%)        3.80 ( 12.58%)        3.56 ( 18.08%)
Elapsed range         0.34 (  0.00%)        0.28 ( 17.91%)        0.32 (  6.45%)        0.40 (-15.73%)        0.10 ( 70.06%)        0.43 (-24.84%)        0.15 ( 55.32%)        0.15 ( 56.16%)

For completeness, a third set of measurements shows the situation where
THP is enabled and allocations are again done on a single NUMA node.  Here
munlock() is already very fast thanks to huge pages, and this series does
not compromise that performance.  It seems that the removal of call to
lru_add_drain() still helps a bit.

timedmunlock
                            3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3              3.11-rc3
                                   0                     1                     2                     3                     4                     5                     6                     7
Elapsed min           0.01 (  0.00%)        0.01 ( -0.11%)        0.01 (  6.59%)        0.01 (  5.41%)        0.01 (  5.45%)        0.01 (  5.03%)        0.01 (  6.08%)        0.01 (  5.20%)
Elapsed mean          0.01 (  0.00%)        0.01 ( -0.27%)        0.01 (  6.39%)        0.01 (  5.30%)        0.01 (  5.32%)        0.01 (  5.03%)        0.01 (  5.97%)        0.01 (  5.22%)
Elapsed stddev        0.00 (  0.00%)        0.00 ( -9.59%)        0.00 ( 10.77%)        0.00 (  3.24%)        0.00 ( 24.42%)        0.00 ( 31.86%)        0.00 ( -7.46%)        0.00 (  6.11%)
Elapsed max           0.01 (  0.00%)        0.01 ( -0.01%)        0.01 (  6.83%)        0.01 (  5.42%)        0.01 (  5.79%)        0.01 (  5.53%)        0.01 (  6.08%)        0.01 (  5.26%)
Elapsed range         0.00 (  0.00%)        0.00 (  7.30%)        0.00 ( 24.38%)        0.00 (  6.10%)        0.00 ( 30.79%)        0.00 ( 42.52%)        0.00 (  6.11%)        0.00 ( 10.07%)

This patch (of 7):

In putback_lru_page() since commit c53954a092 (""mm: remove lru parameter
from __lru_cache_add and lru_cache_add_lru") it is no longer needed to
determine lru list via page_lru_base_type().

This patch replaces it with simple flag is_unevictable which says that the
page was put on the inevictable list.  This is the only information that
matters in subsequent tests.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:57 -07:00
Cyrill Gorcunov
d9104d1ca9 mm: track vma changes with VM_SOFTDIRTY bit
Pavel reported that in case if vma area get unmapped and then mapped (or
expanded) in-place, the soft dirty tracker won't be able to recognize this
situation since it works on pte level and ptes are get zapped on unmap,
loosing soft dirty bit of course.

So to resolve this situation we need to track actions on vma level, there
VM_SOFTDIRTY flag comes in.  When new vma area created (or old expanded)
we set this bit, and keep it here until application calls for clearing
soft dirty bit.

Thus when user space application track memory changes now it can detect if
vma area is renewed.

Reported-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:56 -07:00
SeungHun Lee
3b11f0aaae mm: page_alloc: fix comment get_page_from_freelist
cpuset_zone_allowed is changed to cpuset_zone_allowed_softwall and the
comment is moved to __cpuset_node_allowed_softwall.  So fix this comment.

Signed-off-by: SeungHun Lee <waydi1@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:56 -07:00
Khalid Aziz
7cb2ef56e6 mm: fix aio performance regression for database caused by THP
I am working with a tool that simulates oracle database I/O workload.
This tool (orion to be specific -
<http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e16638/iodesign.htm#autoId24>)
allocates hugetlbfs pages using shmget() with SHM_HUGETLB flag.  It then
does aio into these pages from flash disks using various common block
sizes used by database.  I am looking at performance with two of the most
common block sizes - 1M and 64K.  aio performance with these two block
sizes plunged after Transparent HugePages was introduced in the kernel.
Here are performance numbers:

		pre-THP		2.6.39		3.11-rc5
1M read		8384 MB/s	5629 MB/s	6501 MB/s
64K read	7867 MB/s	4576 MB/s	4251 MB/s

I have narrowed the performance impact down to the overheads introduced by
THP in __get_page_tail() and put_compound_page() routines.  perf top shows
>40% of cycles being spent in these two routines.  Every time direct I/O
to hugetlbfs pages starts, kernel calls get_page() to grab a reference to
the pages and calls put_page() when I/O completes to put the reference
away.  THP introduced significant amount of locking overhead to get_page()
and put_page() when dealing with compound pages because hugepages can be
split underneath get_page() and put_page().  It added this overhead
irrespective of whether it is dealing with hugetlbfs pages or transparent
hugepages.  This resulted in 20%-45% drop in aio performance when using
hugetlbfs pages.

Since hugetlbfs pages can not be split, there is no reason to go through
all the locking overhead for these pages from what I can see.  I added
code to __get_page_tail() and put_compound_page() to bypass all the
locking code when working with hugetlbfs pages.  This improved performance
significantly.  Performance numbers with this patch:

		pre-THP		3.11-rc5	3.11-rc5 + Patch
1M read		8384 MB/s	6501 MB/s	8371 MB/s
64K read	7867 MB/s	4251 MB/s	6510 MB/s

Performance with 64K read is still lower than what it was before THP, but
still a 53% improvement.  It does mean there is more work to be done but I
will take a 53% improvement for now.

Please take a look at the following patch and let me know if it looks
reasonable.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments]
Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:55 -07:00
Mel Gorman
3a7200af3d mm: compaction: do not compact pgdat for order-0
If kswapd was reclaiming for a high order and resets it to 0 due to
fragmentation it will still call compact_pgdat.  For the most part, this
will fail a compaction_suitable() test and not compact but it is
unnecessarily sloppy.  It could be fixed in the caller but fix it in the
API instead.

[dhillf@gmail.com: pointed out that it was a potential problem]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:55 -07:00
Andrey Vagin
90c7a79cc4 kmemcg: don't allocate extra memory for root memcg_cache_params
The memcg_cache_params structure contains the common part and the union,
which represents two different types of data: one for root cashes and
another for child caches.

The size of child data is fixed.  The size of the memcg_caches array is
calculated in runtime.

Currently the size of memcg_cache_params for root caches is calculated
incorrectly, because it includes the size of parameters for child caches.

ssize_t size = memcg_caches_array_size(num_groups);
size *= sizeof(void *);

size += sizeof(struct memcg_cache_params);

v2: Fix a typo in calculations

Signed-off-by: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:53 -07:00
Yinghai Lu
e76b63f80d memblock, numa: binary search node id
Current early_pfn_to_nid() on arch that support memblock go over
memblock.memory one by one, so will take too many try near the end.

We can use existing memblock_search to find the node id for given pfn,
that could save some time on bigger system that have many entries
memblock.memory array.

Here are the timing differences for several machines.  In each case with
the patch less time was spent in __early_pfn_to_nid().

                        3.11-rc5        with patch      difference (%)
                        --------        ----------      --------------
UV1: 256 nodes  9TB:     411.66          402.47         -9.19 (2.23%)
UV2: 255 nodes 16TB:    1141.02         1138.12         -2.90 (0.25%)
UV2:  64 nodes  2TB:     128.15          126.53         -1.62 (1.26%)
UV2:  32 nodes  2TB:     121.87          121.07         -0.80 (0.66%)
                        Time in seconds.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:51 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
0bf598d863 mbind: add BUG_ON(!vma) in new_vma_page()
new_vma_page() is called only by page migration called from do_mbind(),
where pages to be migrated are queued into a pagelist by
queue_pages_range().  queue_pages_range() confirms that a queued page
belongs to some vma, so !vma case is not supposed to be happen.  This
patch adds BUG_ON() to catch this unexpected case.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:50 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
9809494578 mm/mempolicy: rename check_*range to queue_pages_*range
The function check_range() (and its family) is not well-named, because it
does not only checking something, but moving pages from list to list to do
page migration for them.  So queue_pages_*range is more desirable name.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:49 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
86cdb465cf mm: prepare to remove /proc/sys/vm/hugepages_treat_as_movable
Now hugepage migration is enabled, although restricted on pmd-based
hugepages for now (due to lack of testing.) So we should allocate
migratable hugepages from ZONE_MOVABLE if possible.

This patch makes GFP flags in hugepage allocation dependent on migration
support, not only the value of hugepages_treat_as_movable.  It provides no
change on the behavior for architectures which do not support hugepage
migration,

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:49 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
83467efbdb mm: migrate: check movability of hugepage in unmap_and_move_huge_page()
Currently hugepage migration works well only for pmd-based hugepages
(mainly due to lack of testing,) so we had better not enable migration of
other levels of hugepages until we are ready for it.

Some users of hugepage migration (mbind, move_pages, and migrate_pages) do
page table walk and check pud/pmd_huge() there, so they are safe.  But the
other users (softoffline and memory hotremove) don't do this, so without
this patch they can try to migrate unexpected types of hugepages.

To prevent this, we introduce hugepage_migration_support() as an
architecture dependent check of whether hugepage are implemented on a pmd
basis or not.  And on some architecture multiple sizes of hugepages are
available, so hugepage_migration_support() also checks hugepage size.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:49 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
c8721bbbdd mm: memory-hotplug: enable memory hotplug to handle hugepage
Until now we can't offline memory blocks which contain hugepages because a
hugepage is considered as an unmovable page.  But now with this patch
series, a hugepage has become movable, so by using hugepage migration we
can offline such memory blocks.

What's different from other users of hugepage migration is that we need to
decompose all the hugepages inside the target memory block into free buddy
pages after hugepage migration, because otherwise free hugepages remaining
in the memory block intervene the memory offlining.  For this reason we
introduce new functions dissolve_free_huge_page() and
dissolve_free_huge_pages().

Other than that, what this patch does is straightforwardly to add hugepage
migration code, that is, adding hugepage code to the functions which scan
over pfn and collect hugepages to be migrated, and adding a hugepage
allocation function to alloc_migrate_target().

As for larger hugepages (1GB for x86_64), it's not easy to do hotremove
over them because it's larger than memory block.  So we now simply leave
it to fail as it is.

[yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn: remove duplicated include]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:48 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
74060e4d78 mm: mbind: add hugepage migration code to mbind()
Extend do_mbind() to handle vma with VM_HUGETLB set.  We will be able to
migrate hugepage with mbind(2) after applying the enablement patch which
comes later in this series.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:48 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
e632a938d9 mm: migrate: add hugepage migration code to move_pages()
Extend move_pages() to handle vma with VM_HUGETLB set.  We will be able to
migrate hugepage with move_pages(2) after applying the enablement patch
which comes later in this series.

We avoid getting refcount on tail pages of hugepage, because unlike thp,
hugepage is not split and we need not care about races with splitting.

And migration of larger (1GB for x86_64) hugepage are not enabled.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:48 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
e2d8cf4055 migrate: add hugepage migration code to migrate_pages()
Extend check_range() to handle vma with VM_HUGETLB set.  We will be able
to migrate hugepage with migrate_pages(2) after applying the enablement
patch which comes later in this series.

Note that for larger hugepages (covered by pud entries, 1GB for x86_64 for
example), we simply skip it now.

Note that using pmd_huge/pud_huge assumes that hugepages are pointed to by
pmd/pud.  This is not true in some architectures implementing hugepage
with other mechanisms like ia64, but it's OK because pmd_huge/pud_huge
simply return 0 in such arch and page walker simply ignores such
hugepages.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:48 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
b8ec1cee5a mm: soft-offline: use migrate_pages() instead of migrate_huge_page()
Currently migrate_huge_page() takes a pointer to a hugepage to be migrated
as an argument, instead of taking a pointer to the list of hugepages to be
migrated.  This behavior was introduced in commit 189ebff28 ("hugetlb:
simplify migrate_huge_page()"), and was OK because until now hugepage
migration is enabled only for soft-offlining which migrates only one
hugepage in a single call.

But the situation will change in the later patches in this series which
enable other users of page migration to support hugepage migration.  They
can kick migration for both of normal pages and hugepages in a single
call, so we need to go back to original implementation which uses linked
lists to collect the hugepages to be migrated.

With this patch, soft_offline_huge_page() switches to use migrate_pages(),
and migrate_huge_page() is not used any more.  So let's remove it.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:47 -07:00
Naoya Horiguchi
31caf665e6 mm: migrate: make core migration code aware of hugepage
Currently hugepage migration is available only for soft offlining, but
it's also useful for some other users of page migration (clearly because
users of hugepage can enjoy the benefit of mempolicy and memory hotplug.)
So this patchset tries to extend such users to support hugepage migration.

The target of this patchset is to enable hugepage migration for NUMA
related system calls (migrate_pages(2), move_pages(2), and mbind(2)), and
memory hotplug.

This patchset does not add hugepage migration for memory compaction,
because users of memory compaction mainly expect to construct thp by
arranging raw pages, and there's little or no need to compact hugepages.
CMA, another user of page migration, can have benefit from hugepage
migration, but is not enabled to support it for now (just because of lack
of testing and expertise in CMA.)

Hugepage migration of non pmd-based hugepage (for example 1GB hugepage in
x86_64, or hugepages in architectures like ia64) is not enabled for now
(again, because of lack of testing.)

As for how these are achived, I extended the API (migrate_pages()) to
handle hugepage (with patch 1 and 2) and adjusted code of each caller to
check and collect movable hugepages (with patch 3-7).  Remaining 2 patches
are kind of miscellaneous ones to avoid unexpected behavior.  Patch 8 is
about making sure that we only migrate pmd-based hugepages.  And patch 9
is about choosing appropriate zone for hugepage allocation.

My test is mainly functional one, simply kicking hugepage migration via
each entry point and confirm that migration is done correctly.  Test code
is available here:

  git://github.com/Naoya-Horiguchi/test_hugepage_migration_extension.git

And I always run libhugetlbfs test when changing hugetlbfs's code.  With
this patchset, no regression was found in the test.

This patch (of 9):

Before enabling each user of page migration to support hugepage,
this patch enables the list of pages for migration to link not only
LRU pages, but also hugepages. As a result, putback_movable_pages()
and migrate_pages() can handle both of LRU pages and hugepages.

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:46 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
07443a85ad mm, hugetlb: return a reserved page to a reserved pool if failed
If we fail with a reserved page, just calling put_page() is not
sufficient, because put_page() invoke free_huge_page() at last step and it
doesn't know whether a page comes from a reserved pool or not.  So it
doesn't do anything related to reserved count.  This makes reserve count
lower than how we need, because reserve count already decrease in
dequeue_huge_page_vma().  This patch fix this situation.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:45 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
8312034f36 mm, hugetlb: grab a page_table_lock after page_cache_release
We don't need to grab a page_table_lock when we try to release a page.
So, defer to grab a page_table_lock.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:44 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
5944d0116c mm, hugetlb: remove useless check about mapping type
is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER) implys that this mapping is for
private.  So we don't need to check whether this mapping is for shared or
not.

This patch is just for clean-up.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:44 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
8bb3f12e7d mm, hugetlb: fix subpool accounting handling
If we alloc hugepage with avoid_reserve, we don't dequeue reserved one.
So, we should check subpool counter when avoid_reserve.  This patch
implement it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:44 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
f522c3ac00 mm, hugetlb: change variable name reservations to resv
'reservations' is so long name as a variable and we use 'resv_map' to
represent 'struct resv_map' in other place.  To reduce confusion and
unreadability, change it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:44 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
4ef9184804 mm, hugetlb: protect reserved pages when soft offlining a hugepage
Don't use the reserve pool when soft offlining a hugepage.  Check we have
free pages outside the reserve pool before we dequeue the huge page.
Otherwise, we can steal other's reserve page.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:42 -07:00
Toshi Kani
0f1cfe9d0d mm/hotplug: remove stop_machine() from try_offline_node()
lock_device_hotplug() serializes hotplug & online/offline operations.  The
lock is held in common sysfs online/offline interfaces and ACPI hotplug
code paths.

And here are the code paths:

- CPU & Mem online/offline via sysfs online
	store_online()->lock_device_hotplug()

- Mem online via sysfs state:
	store_mem_state()->lock_device_hotplug()

- ACPI CPU & Mem hot-add:
	acpi_scan_bus_device_check()->lock_device_hotplug()

- ACPI CPU & Mem hot-delete:
	acpi_scan_hot_remove()->lock_device_hotplug()

try_offline_node() off-lines a node if all memory sections and cpus are
removed on the node.  It is called from acpi_processor_remove() and
acpi_memory_remove_memory()->remove_memory() paths, both of which are in
the ACPI hotplug code.

try_offline_node() calls stop_machine() to stop all cpus while checking
all cpu status with the assumption that the caller is not protected from
CPU hotplug or CPU online/offline operations.  However, the caller is
always serialized with lock_device_hotplug().  Also, the code needs to be
properly serialized with a lock, not by stopping all cpus at a random
place with stop_machine().

This patch removes the use of stop_machine() in try_offline_node() and
adds comments to try_offline_node() and remove_memory() that
lock_device_hotplug() is required.

Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:41 -07:00
Toshi Kani
27356f54c8 mm/hotplug: verify hotplug memory range
add_memory() and remove_memory() can only handle a memory range aligned
with section.  There are problems when an unaligned range is added and
then deleted as follows:

 - add_memory() with an unaligned range succeeds, but __add_pages()
   called from add_memory() adds a whole section of pages even though
   a given memory range is less than the section size.
 - remove_memory() to the added unaligned range hits BUG_ON() in
   __remove_pages().

This patch changes add_memory() and remove_memory() to check if a given
memory range is aligned with section at the beginning.  As the result,
add_memory() fails with -EINVAL when a given range is unaligned, and does
not add such memory range.  This prevents remove_memory() to be called
with an unaligned range as well.  Note that remove_memory() has to use
BUG_ON() since this function cannot fail.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid printk warnings]
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:39 -07:00
Fengguang Wu
2cad401801 readahead: make context readahead more conservative
This helps performance on moderately dense random reads on SSD.

Transaction-Per-Second numbers provided by Taobao:

		QPS	case
		-------------------------------------------------------
		7536	disable context readahead totally
w/ patch:	7129	slower size rampup and start RA on the 3rd read
		6717	slower size rampup
w/o patch:	5581	unmodified context readahead

Before, readahead will be started whenever reading page N+1 when it happen
to read N recently.  After patch, we'll only start readahead when *three*
random reads happen to access pages N, N+1, N+2.  The probability of this
happening is extremely low for pure random reads, unless they are very
dense, which actually deserves some readahead.

Also start with a smaller readahead window.  The impact to interleaved
sequential reads should be small, because for a long run stream, the the
small readahead window rampup phase is negletable.

The context readahead actually benefits clustered random reads on HDD
whose seek cost is pretty high.  However as SSD is increasingly used for
random read workloads it's better for the context readahead to concentrate
on interleaved sequential reads.

Another SSD rand read test from Miao

        # file size:        2GB
        # read IO amount: 625MB
        sysbench --test=fileio          \
                --max-requests=10000    \
                --num-threads=1         \
                --file-num=1            \
                --file-block-size=64K   \
                --file-test-mode=rndrd  \
                --file-fsync-freq=0     \
                --file-fsync-end=off    run

shows the performance of btrfs grows up from 69MB/s to 121MB/s, ext4 from
104MB/s to 121MB/s.

Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Tested-by: Tao Ma <tm@tao.ma>
Tested-by: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:39 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
139c2d75b4 mm: use zone_is_initialized() instead of if(zone->wait_table)
Use "zone_is_initialized()" instead of "if (zone->wait_table)".
Simplify the code, no functional change.

Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:39 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
8080fc038e mm: use zone_is_empty() instead of if(zone->spanned_pages)
Use "zone_is_empty()" instead of "if (zone->spanned_pages)".
Simplify the code, no functional change.

Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:38 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
c33bc315fd mm: use zone_end_pfn() instead of zone_start_pfn+spanned_pages
Use "zone_end_pfn()" instead of "zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages".
Simplify the code, no functional change.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:36 -07:00
Jianguo Wu
eee87e1726 mm/zbud: fix some trivial typos in comments
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:35 -07:00
Xishi Qiu
37b000b640 mm/hotplug: remove unnecessary BUG_ON in __offline_pages()
I think we can remove "BUG_ON(start_pfn >= end_pfn)" in __offline_pages(),
because in memory_block_action() "nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION * sections_per_block"
is always greater than 0.

memory_block_action()
	offline_pages()
		__offline_pages()
			BUG_ON(start_pfn >= end_pfn)

In v2.6.32, If info->length==0, this way may hit this BUG_ON().
acpi_memory_disable_device()
	remove_memory(info->start_addr, info->length)
			offline_pages()

A later Fujitsu patch renamed this function and the BUG_ON() is
unnecessary.

Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:35 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
b136be5e0b mm, vmalloc: use well-defined find_last_bit() func
Our intention in here is to find last_bit within the region to flush.
There is well-defined function, find_last_bit() for this purpose and its
performance may be slightly better than current implementation.  So change
it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:34 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
6b70f7dff8 mm, vmalloc: remove useless variable in vmap_block
vbq in vmap_block isn't used. So remove it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:33 -07:00
Christoph Lameter
fbc2edb053 vmstat: use this_cpu() to avoid irqon/off sequence in refresh_cpu_vm_stats
Disabling interrupts repeatedly can be avoided in the inner loop if we use
a this_cpu operation.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:31 -07:00
Christoph Lameter
4edb0748b2 vmstat: create fold_diff
Both functions that update global counters use the same mechanism.

Create a function that contains the common code.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:31 -07:00
Christoph Lameter
2bb921e526 vmstat: create separate function to fold per cpu diffs into local counters
The main idea behind this patchset is to reduce the vmstat update overhead
by avoiding interrupt enable/disable and the use of per cpu atomics.

This patch (of 3):

It is better to have a separate folding function because
refresh_cpu_vm_stats() also does other things like expire pages in the
page allocator caches.

If we have a separate function then refresh_cpu_vm_stats() is only called
from the local cpu which allows additional optimizations.

The folding function is only called when a cpu is being downed and
therefore no other processor will be accessing the counters.  Also
simplifies synchronization.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix UP build]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:31 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
d2cf5ad631 swap: clean-up #ifdef in page_mapping()
PageSwapCache() is always false when !CONFIG_SWAP, so compiler
properly discard related code. Therefore, we don't need #ifdef explicitly.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:31 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
bc4b4448db mm: move pgtable related functions to right place
pgtable related functions are mostly in pgtable-generic.c.
So move remaining functions from memory.c to pgtable-generic.c.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:30 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
e66f097257 mm, page_alloc: add unlikely macro to help compiler optimization
We rarely allocate a page with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS and it is used in slow
path.  For helping compiler optimization, add unlikely macro to
ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS checking.

This patch doesn't have any effect now, because gcc already optimize this
properly.  But we cannot assume that gcc always does right and nobody
re-evaluate if gcc do proper optimization with their change, for example,
it is not optimized properly on v3.10.  So adding compiler hint here is
reasonable.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:29 -07:00
Jianguo Wu
1da6f0e1b3 mm/mempolicy: return NULL if node is NUMA_NO_NODE in get_task_policy
If node == NUMA_NO_NODE, pol is NULL, we should return NULL instead of
do "if (!pol->mode)" check.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reorganise code]
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:29 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
af0ed73e69 mm, hugetlb: decrement reserve count if VM_NORESERVE alloc page cache
If a vma with VM_NORESERVE allocate a new page for page cache, we should
check whether this area is reserved or not.  If this address is already
reserved by other process(in case of chg == 0), we should decrement
reserve count, because this allocated page will go into page cache and
currently, there is no way to know that this page comes from reserved pool
or not when releasing inode.  This may introduce over-counting problem to
reserved count.  With following example code, you can easily reproduce
this situation.

Assume 2MB, nr_hugepages = 100

        size = 20 * MB;
        flag = MAP_SHARED;
        p = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, fd, 0);
        if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        flag = MAP_SHARED | MAP_NORESERVE;
        q = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, fd, 0);
        if (q == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        }
        q[0] = 'c';

After finish the program, run 'cat /proc/meminfo'.  You can see below
result.

HugePages_Free:      100
HugePages_Rsvd:        1

To fix this, we should check our mapping type and tracked region.  If our
mapping is VM_NORESERVE, VM_MAYSHARE and chg is 0, this imply that current
allocated page will go into page cache which is already reserved region
when mapping is created.  In this case, we should decrease reserve count.
As implementing above, this patch solve the problem.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spelling in comment]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:28 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
a63884e921 mm, hugetlb: remove decrement_hugepage_resv_vma()
Now, Checking condition of decrement_hugepage_resv_vma() and
vma_has_reserves() is same, so we can clean-up this function with
vma_has_reserves().  Additionally, decrement_hugepage_resv_vma() has only
one call site, so we can remove function and embed it into
dequeue_huge_page_vma() directly.  This patch implement it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:28 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
72231b03cc mm, hugetlb: add VM_NORESERVE check in vma_has_reserves()
If we map the region with MAP_NORESERVE and MAP_SHARED, we can skip to
check reserve counting and eventually we cannot be ensured to allocate a
huge page in fault time.  With following example code, you can easily find
this situation.

Assume 2MB, nr_hugepages = 100

        fd = hugetlbfs_unlinked_fd();
        if (fd < 0)
                return 1;

        size = 200 * MB;
        flag = MAP_SHARED;
        p = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, fd, 0);
        if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        size = 2 * MB;
        flag = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_SHARED | MAP_HUGETLB | MAP_NORESERVE;
        p = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, -1, 0);
        if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        }
        p[0] = '0';
        sleep(10);

During executing sleep(10), run 'cat /proc/meminfo' on another process.

HugePages_Free:       99
HugePages_Rsvd:      100

Number of free should be higher or equal than number of reserve, but this
aren't.  This represent that non reserved shared mapping steal a reserved
page.  Non reserved shared mapping should not eat into reserve space.

If we consider VM_NORESERVE in vma_has_reserve() and return 0 which mean
that we don't have reserved pages, then we check that we have enough free
pages in dequeue_huge_page_vma().  This prevent to steal a reserved page.

With this change, above test generate a SIGBUG which is correct, because
all free pages are reserved and non reserved shared mapping can't get a
free page.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:28 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
37a2140dc2 mm, hugetlb: do not use a page in page cache for cow optimization
Currently, we use a page with mapped count 1 in page cache for cow
optimization.  If we find this condition, we don't allocate a new page and
copy contents.  Instead, we map this page directly.  This may introduce a
problem that writting to private mapping overwrite hugetlb file directly.
You can find this situation with following code.

        size = 20 * MB;
        flag = MAP_SHARED;
        p = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, fd, 0);
        if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }
        p[0] = 's';
        fprintf(stdout, "BEFORE STEAL PRIVATE WRITE: %c\n", p[0]);
        munmap(p, size);

        flag = MAP_PRIVATE;
        p = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, fd, 0);
        if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        }
        p[0] = 'c';
        munmap(p, size);

        flag = MAP_SHARED;
        p = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, flag, fd, 0);
        if (p == MAP_FAILED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }
        fprintf(stdout, "AFTER STEAL PRIVATE WRITE: %c\n", p[0]);
        munmap(p, size);

We can see that "AFTER STEAL PRIVATE WRITE: c", not "AFTER STEAL PRIVATE
WRITE: s".  If we turn off this optimization to a page in page cache, the
problem is disappeared.

So, I change the trigger condition of optimization.  If this page is not
AnonPage, we don't do optimization.  This makes this optimization turning
off for a page cache.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:27 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
c0d934ba27 mm, hugetlb: remove redundant list_empty check in gather_surplus_pages()
If list is empty, list_for_each_entry_safe() doesn't do anything.  So,
this check is redundant.  Remove it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:27 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
b226102682 mm, hugetlb: fix and clean-up node iteration code to alloc or free
Current node iteration code have a minor problem which do one more node
rotation if we can't succeed to allocate.  For example, if we start to
allocate at node 0, we stop to iterate at node 0.  Then we start to
allocate at node 1 for next allocation.

I introduce new macros "for_each_node_mask_to_[alloc|free]" and fix and
clean-up node iteration code to alloc or free.  This makes code more
understandable.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:26 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
81a6fcae3f mm, hugetlb: clean-up alloc_huge_page()
Unify successful allocation paths to make the code more readable.  There
are no functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:26 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
c748c26294 mm, hugetlb: trivial commenting fix
The name of the mutex written in comment is wrong.  Fix it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:25 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
9966c4bbb1 mm, hugetlb: move up the code which check availability of free huge page
In this time we are holding a hugetlb_lock, so hstate values can't be
changed.  If we don't have any usable free huge page in this time, we
don't need to proceed with the processing.  So move this code up.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:24 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
72457c0a05 mm: revert "page-writeback.c: subtract min_free_kbytes from dirtyable memory"
This reverts commit 75f7ad8e04.  It was the result of a problem
observed with a 3.2 kernel and merged in 3.9, while the issue had been
resolved upstream in 3.3 (commit ab8fabd46f: "mm: exclude reserved
pages from dirtyable memory").

The "reserved pages" are a superset of min_free_kbytes, thus this change
is redundant and confusing.  Revert it.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:23 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
81c0a2bb51 mm: page_alloc: fair zone allocator policy
Each zone that holds userspace pages of one workload must be aged at a
speed proportional to the zone size.  Otherwise, the time an individual
page gets to stay in memory depends on the zone it happened to be
allocated in.  Asymmetry in the zone aging creates rather unpredictable
aging behavior and results in the wrong pages being reclaimed, activated
etc.

But exactly this happens right now because of the way the page allocator
and kswapd interact.  The page allocator uses per-node lists of all zones
in the system, ordered by preference, when allocating a new page.  When
the first iteration does not yield any results, kswapd is woken up and the
allocator retries.  Due to the way kswapd reclaims zones below the high
watermark while a zone can be allocated from when it is above the low
watermark, the allocator may keep kswapd running while kswapd reclaim
ensures that the page allocator can keep allocating from the first zone in
the zonelist for extended periods of time.  Meanwhile the other zones
rarely see new allocations and thus get aged much slower in comparison.

The result is that the occasional page placed in lower zones gets
relatively more time in memory, even gets promoted to the active list
after its peers have long been evicted.  Meanwhile, the bulk of the
working set may be thrashing on the preferred zone even though there may
be significant amounts of memory available in the lower zones.

Even the most basic test -- repeatedly reading a file slightly bigger than
memory -- shows how broken the zone aging is.  In this scenario, no single
page should be able stay in memory long enough to get referenced twice and
activated, but activation happens in spades:

  $ grep active_file /proc/zoneinfo
      nr_inactive_file 0
      nr_active_file 0
      nr_inactive_file 0
      nr_active_file 8
      nr_inactive_file 1582
      nr_active_file 11994
  $ cat data data data data >/dev/null
  $ grep active_file /proc/zoneinfo
      nr_inactive_file 0
      nr_active_file 70
      nr_inactive_file 258753
      nr_active_file 443214
      nr_inactive_file 149793
      nr_active_file 12021

Fix this with a very simple round robin allocator.  Each zone is allowed a
batch of allocations that is proportional to the zone's size, after which
it is treated as full.  The batch counters are reset when all zones have
been tried and the allocator enters the slowpath and kicks off kswapd
reclaim.  Allocation and reclaim is now fairly spread out to all
available/allowable zones:

  $ grep active_file /proc/zoneinfo
      nr_inactive_file 0
      nr_active_file 0
      nr_inactive_file 174
      nr_active_file 4865
      nr_inactive_file 53
      nr_active_file 860
  $ cat data data data data >/dev/null
  $ grep active_file /proc/zoneinfo
      nr_inactive_file 0
      nr_active_file 0
      nr_inactive_file 666622
      nr_active_file 4988
      nr_inactive_file 190969
      nr_active_file 937

When zone_reclaim_mode is enabled, allocations will now spread out to all
zones on the local node, not just the first preferred zone (which on a 4G
node might be a tiny Normal zone).

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <paul.bollee@gmail.com>
Cc: Zlatko Calusic <zcalusic@bitsync.net>
Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:23 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
e085dbc52f mm: page_alloc: rearrange watermark checking in get_page_from_freelist
Allocations that do not have to respect the watermarks are rare
high-priority events.  Reorder the code such that per-zone dirty limits
and future checks important only to regular page allocations are ignored
in these extraordinary situations.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <paul.bollee@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Zlatko Calusic <zcalusic@bitsync.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:22 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
892f795df1 mm: vmscan: fix numa reclaim balance problem in kswapd
The way the page allocator interacts with kswapd creates aging imbalances,
where the amount of time a userspace page gets in memory under reclaim
pressure is dependent on which zone, which node the allocator took the
page frame from.

#1 fixes missed kswapd wakeups on NUMA systems, which lead to some
   nodes falling behind for a full reclaim cycle relative to the other
   nodes in the system

#3 fixes an interaction where kswapd and a continuous stream of page
   allocations keep the preferred zone of a task between the high and
   low watermark (allocations succeed + kswapd does not go to sleep)
   indefinitely, completely underutilizing the lower zones and
   thrashing on the preferred zone

These patches are the aging fairness part of the thrash-detection based
file LRU balancing.  Andrea recommended to submit them separately as they
are bugfixes in their own right.

The following test ran a foreground workload (memcachetest) with
background IO of various sizes on a 4 node 8G system (similar results were
observed with single-node 4G systems):

parallelio
                                               BAS                    FAIRALLO
                                              BASE                   FAIRALLOC
Ops memcachetest-0M              5170.00 (  0.00%)           5283.00 (  2.19%)
Ops memcachetest-791M            4740.00 (  0.00%)           5293.00 ( 11.67%)
Ops memcachetest-2639M           2551.00 (  0.00%)           4950.00 ( 94.04%)
Ops memcachetest-4487M           2606.00 (  0.00%)           3922.00 ( 50.50%)
Ops io-duration-0M                  0.00 (  0.00%)              0.00 (  0.00%)
Ops io-duration-791M               55.00 (  0.00%)             18.00 ( 67.27%)
Ops io-duration-2639M             235.00 (  0.00%)            103.00 ( 56.17%)
Ops io-duration-4487M             278.00 (  0.00%)            173.00 ( 37.77%)
Ops swaptotal-0M                    0.00 (  0.00%)              0.00 (  0.00%)
Ops swaptotal-791M             245184.00 (  0.00%)              0.00 (  0.00%)
Ops swaptotal-2639M            468069.00 (  0.00%)         108778.00 ( 76.76%)
Ops swaptotal-4487M            452529.00 (  0.00%)          76623.00 ( 83.07%)
Ops swapin-0M                       0.00 (  0.00%)              0.00 (  0.00%)
Ops swapin-791M                108297.00 (  0.00%)              0.00 (  0.00%)
Ops swapin-2639M               169537.00 (  0.00%)          50031.00 ( 70.49%)
Ops swapin-4487M               167435.00 (  0.00%)          34178.00 ( 79.59%)
Ops minorfaults-0M            1518666.00 (  0.00%)        1503993.00 (  0.97%)
Ops minorfaults-791M          1676963.00 (  0.00%)        1520115.00 (  9.35%)
Ops minorfaults-2639M         1606035.00 (  0.00%)        1799717.00 (-12.06%)
Ops minorfaults-4487M         1612118.00 (  0.00%)        1583825.00 (  1.76%)
Ops majorfaults-0M                  6.00 (  0.00%)              0.00 (  0.00%)
Ops majorfaults-791M            13836.00 (  0.00%)             10.00 ( 99.93%)
Ops majorfaults-2639M           22307.00 (  0.00%)           6490.00 ( 70.91%)
Ops majorfaults-4487M           21631.00 (  0.00%)           4380.00 ( 79.75%)

                 BAS    FAIRALLO
                BASE   FAIRALLOC
User          287.78      460.97
System       2151.67     3142.51
Elapsed      9737.00     8879.34

                                   BAS    FAIRALLO
                                  BASE   FAIRALLOC
Minor Faults                  53721925    57188551
Major Faults                    392195       15157
Swap Ins                       2994854      112770
Swap Outs                      4907092      134982
Direct pages scanned                 0       41824
Kswapd pages scanned          32975063     8128269
Kswapd pages reclaimed         6323069     7093495
Direct pages reclaimed               0       41824
Kswapd efficiency                  19%         87%
Kswapd velocity               3386.573     915.414
Direct efficiency                 100%        100%
Direct velocity                  0.000       4.710
Percentage direct scans             0%          0%
Zone normal velocity          2011.338     550.661
Zone dma32 velocity           1365.623     369.221
Zone dma velocity                9.612       0.242
Page writes by reclaim    18732404.000  614807.000
Page writes file              13825312      479825
Page writes anon               4907092      134982
Page reclaim immediate           85490        5647
Sector Reads                  12080532      483244
Sector Writes                 88740508    65438876
Page rescued immediate               0           0
Slabs scanned                    82560       12160
Direct inode steals                  0           0
Kswapd inode steals              24401       40013
Kswapd skipped wait                  0           0
THP fault alloc                      6           8
THP collapse alloc                5481        5812
THP splits                          75          22
THP fault fallback                   0           0
THP collapse fail                    0           0
Compaction stalls                    0          54
Compaction success                   0          45
Compaction failures                  0           9
Page migrate success            881492       82278
Page migrate failure                 0           0
Compaction pages isolated            0       60334
Compaction migrate scanned           0       53505
Compaction free scanned              0     1537605
Compaction cost                    914          86
NUMA PTE updates              46738231    41988419
NUMA hint faults              31175564    24213387
NUMA hint local faults        10427393     6411593
NUMA pages migrated             881492       55344
AutoNUMA cost                   156221      121361

The overall runtime was reduced, throughput for both the foreground
workload as well as the background IO improved, major faults, swapping and
reclaim activity shrunk significantly, reclaim efficiency more than
quadrupled.

This patch:

When the page allocator fails to get a page from all zones in its given
zonelist, it wakes up the per-node kswapds for all zones that are at their
low watermark.

However, with a system under load the free pages in a zone can fluctuate
enough that the allocation fails but the kswapd wakeup is also skipped
while the zone is still really close to the low watermark.

When one node misses a wakeup like this, it won't be aged before all the
other node's zones are down to their low watermarks again.  And skipping a
full aging cycle is an obvious fairness problem.

Kswapd runs until the high watermarks are restored, so it should also be
woken when the high watermarks are not met.  This ages nodes more equally
and creates a safety margin for the page counter fluctuation.

By using zone_balanced(), it will now check, in addition to the watermark,
if compaction requires more order-0 pages to create a higher order page.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <paul.bollee@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Zlatko Calusic <zcalusic@bitsync.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:22 -07:00
Libin
a8f531ebc3 mm/huge_memory.c: fix potential NULL pointer dereference
In collapse_huge_page() there is a race window between releasing the
mmap_sem read lock and taking the mmap_sem write lock, so find_vma() may
return NULL.  So check the return value to avoid NULL pointer dereference.

collapse_huge_page
	khugepaged_alloc_page
		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem)
	down_write(&mm->mmap_sem)
	vma = find_vma(mm, address)

Signed-off-by: Libin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.0+
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:19 -07:00
Yinghai Lu
e2d0bd2b92 mm: kill one if loop in __free_pages_bootmem()
We should not check loop+1 with loop end in loop body.  Just duplicate two
lines code to avoid it.

That will help a bit when we have huge amount of pages on system with
16TiB memory.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:19 -07:00
Srivatsa S. Bhat
f92310c187 mm/page_alloc.c: fix the value of fallback_migratetype in alloc_extfrag tracepoint()
In the current code, the value of fallback_migratetype that is printed
using the mm_page_alloc_extfrag tracepoint, is the value of the
migratetype *after* it has been set to the preferred migratetype (if the
ownership was changed).  Obviously that wouldn't have been the original
intent.  (We already have a separate 'change_ownership' field to tell
whether the ownership of the pageblock was changed from the
fallback_migratetype to the preferred type.)

The intent of the fallback_migratetype field is to show the migratetype
from which we borrowed pages in order to satisfy the allocation request.
So fix the code to print that value correctly.

Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:19 -07:00
Srivatsa S. Bhat
fef903efcf mm/page_allo.c: restructure free-page stealing code and fix a bug
The free-page stealing code in __rmqueue_fallback() is somewhat hard to
follow, and has an incredible amount of subtlety hidden inside!

First off, there is a minor bug in the reporting of change-of-ownership of
pageblocks.  Under some conditions, we try to move upto
'pageblock_nr_pages' no.  of pages to the preferred allocation list.  But
we change the ownership of that pageblock to the preferred type only if we
manage to successfully move atleast half of that pageblock (or if
page_group_by_mobility_disabled is set).

However, the current code ignores the latter part and sets the
'migratetype' variable to the preferred type, irrespective of whether we
actually changed the pageblock migratetype of that block or not.  So, the
page_alloc_extfrag tracepoint can end up printing incorrect info (i.e.,
'change_ownership' might be shown as 1 when it must have been 0).

So fixing this involves moving the update of the 'migratetype' variable to
the right place.  But looking closer, we observe that the 'migratetype'
variable is used subsequently for checks such as "is_migrate_cma()".
Obviously the intent there is to check if the *fallback* type is
MIGRATE_CMA, but since we already set the 'migratetype' variable to
start_migratetype, we end up checking if the *preferred* type is
MIGRATE_CMA!!

To make things more interesting, this actually doesn't cause a bug in
practice, because we never change *anything* if the fallback type is CMA.

So, restructure the code in such a way that it is trivial to understand
what is going on, and also fix the above mentioned bug.  And while at it,
also add a comment explaining the subtlety behind the migratetype used in
the call to expand().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded `inline', small coding-style fix]
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:19 -07:00
Pintu Kumar
b8af29418a mm/page_alloc.c: fix coding style and spelling
Fix all errors reported by checkpatch and some small spelling mistakes.

Signed-off-by: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:18 -07:00
Shaohua Li
ebc2a1a691 swap: make cluster allocation per-cpu
swap cluster allocation is to get better request merge to improve
performance.  But the cluster is shared globally, if multiple tasks are
doing swap, this will cause interleave disk access.  While multiple tasks
swap is quite common, for example, each numa node has a kswapd thread
doing swap and multiple threads/processes doing direct page reclaim.

ioscheduler can't help too much here, because tasks don't send swapout IO
down to block layer in the meantime.  Block layer does merge some IOs, but
a lot not, depending on how many tasks are doing swapout concurrently.  In
practice, I've seen a lot of small size IO in swapout workloads.

We makes the cluster allocation per-cpu here.  The interleave disk access
issue goes away.  All tasks swapout to their own cluster, so swapout will
become sequential, which can be easily merged to big size IO.  If one CPU
can't get its per-cpu cluster (for example, there is no free cluster
anymore in the swap), it will fallback to scan swap_map.  The CPU can
still continue swap.  We don't need recycle free swap entries of other
CPUs.

In my test (swap to a 2-disk raid0 partition), this improves around 10%
swapout throughput, and request size is increased significantly.

How does this impact swap readahead is uncertain though.  On one side,
page reclaim always isolates and swaps several adjancent pages, this will
make page reclaim write the pages sequentially and benefit readahead.  On
the other side, several CPU write pages interleave means the pages don't
live _sequentially_ but relatively _near_.  In the per-cpu allocation
case, if adjancent pages are written by different cpus, they will live
relatively _far_.  So how this impacts swap readahead depends on how many
pages page reclaim isolates and swaps one time.  If the number is big,
this patch will benefit swap readahead.  Of course, this is about
sequential access pattern.  The patch has no impact for random access
pattern, because the new cluster allocation algorithm is just for SSD.

Alternative solution is organizing swap layout to be per-mm instead of
this per-cpu approach.  In the per-mm layout, we allocate a disk range for
each mm, so pages of one mm live in swap disk adjacently.  per-mm layout
has potential issues of lock contention if multiple reclaimers are swap
pages from one mm.  For a sequential workload, per-mm layout is better to
implement swap readahead, because pages from the mm are adjacent in disk.
But per-cpu layout isn't very bad in this workload, as page reclaim always
isolates and swaps several pages one time, such pages will still live in
disk sequentially and readahead can utilize this.  For a random workload,
per-mm layout isn't beneficial of request merge, because it's quite
possible pages from different mm are swapout in the meantime and IO can't
be merged in per-mm layout.  while with per-cpu layout we can merge
requests from any mm.  Considering random workload is more popular in
workloads with swap (and per-cpu approach isn't too bad for sequential
workload too), I'm choosing per-cpu layout.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:17 -07:00
Shaohua Li
edfe23dac3 swap: fix races exposed by swap discard
The previous patch can expose races, according to Hugh:

swapoff was sometimes failing with "Cannot allocate memory", coming from
try_to_unuse()'s -ENOMEM: it needs to allow for swap_duplicate() failing
on a free entry temporarily SWAP_MAP_BAD while being discarded.

We should use ACCESS_ONCE() there, and whenever accessing swap_map
locklessly; but rather than peppering it throughout try_to_unuse(), just
declare *swap_map with volatile.

try_to_unuse() is accustomed to *swap_map going down racily, but not
necessarily to it jumping up from 0 to SWAP_MAP_BAD: we'll be safer to
prevent that transition once SWP_WRITEOK is switched off, when it's a
waste of time to issue discards anyway (swapon can do a whole discard).

Another issue is:

In swapin_readahead(), read_swap_cache_async() can read a bad swap entry,
because we don't check if readahead swap entry is bad.  This doesn't break
anything but such swapin page is wasteful and can only be freed at page
reclaim.  We should avoid read such swap entry.  And in discard, we mark
swap entry SWAP_MAP_BAD and then switch it to normal when discard is
finished.  If readahead reads such swap entry, we have the same issue, so
we much check if swap entry is bad too.

Thanks Hugh to inspire swapin_readahead could use bad swap entry.

[include Hugh's patch 'swap: fix swapoff ENOMEMs from discard']
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:16 -07:00
Shaohua Li
815c2c543d swap: make swap discard async
swap can do cluster discard for SSD, which is good, but there are some
problems here:

1. swap do the discard just before page reclaim gets a swap entry and
   writes the disk sectors.  This is useless for high end SSD, because an
   overwrite to a sector implies a discard to original sector too.  A
   discard + overwrite == overwrite.

2. the purpose of doing discard is to improve SSD firmware garbage
   collection.  Idealy we should send discard as early as possible, so
   firmware can do something smart.  Sending discard just after swap entry
   is freed is considered early compared to sending discard before write.
   Of course, if workload is already bound to gc speed, sending discard
   earlier or later doesn't make

3. block discard is a sync API, which will delay scan_swap_map()
   significantly.

4. Write and discard command can be executed parallel in PCIe SSD.
   Making swap discard async can make execution more efficiently.

This patch makes swap discard async and moves discard to where swap entry
is freed.  Discard and write have no dependence now, so above issues can
be avoided.  Idealy we should do discard for any freed sectors, but some
SSD discard is very slow.  This patch still does discard for a whole
cluster.

My test does a several round of 'mmap, write, unmap', which will trigger a
lot of swap discard.  In a fusionio card, with this patch, the test
runtime is reduced to 18% of the time without it, so around 5.5x faster.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:15 -07:00
Shaohua Li
2a8f944934 swap: change block allocation algorithm for SSD
I'm using a fast SSD to do swap.  scan_swap_map() sometimes uses up to
20~30% CPU time (when cluster is hard to find, the CPU time can be up to
80%), which becomes a bottleneck.  scan_swap_map() scans a byte array to
search a 256 page cluster, which is very slow.

Here I introduced a simple algorithm to search cluster.  Since we only
care about 256 pages cluster, we can just use a counter to track if a
cluster is free.  Every 256 pages use one int to store the counter.  If
the counter of a cluster is 0, the cluster is free.  All free clusters
will be added to a list, so searching cluster is very efficient.  With
this, scap_swap_map() overhead disappears.

This might help low end SD card swap too.  Because if the cluster is
aligned, SD firmware can do flash erase more efficiently.

We only enable the algorithm for SSD.  Hard disk swap isn't fast enough
and has downside with the algorithm which might introduce regression (see
below).

The patch slightly changes which cluster is choosen.  It always adds free
cluster to list tail.  This can help wear leveling for low end SSD too.
And if no cluster found, the scan_swap_map() will do search from the end
of last cluster.  So if no cluster found, the scan_swap_map() will do
search from the end of last free cluster, which is random.  For SSD, this
isn't a problem at all.

Another downside is the cluster must be aligned to 256 pages, which will
reduce the chance to find a cluster.  I would expect this isn't a big
problem for SSD because of the non-seek penality.  (And this is the reason
I only enable the algorithm for SSD).

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:15 -07:00
Chen Gang
15ca220e1a mm/page_alloc.c: use '__paginginit' instead of '__init'
set_pageblock_order() may be called when memory hotplug, so need use
'__paginginit' instead of '__init'.

The related warning:

  The function __meminit .free_area_init_node() references
  a function __init .set_pageblock_order().
  If .set_pageblock_order is only used by .free_area_init_node then
  annotate .set_pageblock_order with a matching annotation.

Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:13 -07:00
Jerry Zhou
a7e833182a mm: fix negative left shift count when PAGE_SHIFT > 20
When PAGE_SHIFT > 20, the result of "20 - PAGE_SHIFT" is negative. The
previous calculating here will generate an unexpected result. In
addition, if PAGE_SIZE >= 1MB, The memory size of "numentries" was
already integral multiple of 1MB.

Signed-off-by: Jerry Zhou <uulinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:12 -07:00
Jingoo Han
3dbb95f789 mm: replace strict_strtoul() with kstrtoul()
The use of strict_strtoul() is not preferred, because strict_strtoul() is
obsolete.  Thus, kstrtoul() should be used.

Signed-off-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:11 -07:00
Dave Hansen
6df46865ff mm: vmstats: track TLB flush stats on UP too
The previous patch doing vmstats for TLB flushes ("mm: vmstats: tlb flush
counters") effectively missed UP since arch/x86/mm/tlb.c is only compiled
for SMP.

UP systems do not do remote TLB flushes, so compile those counters out on
UP.

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c calls __flush_tlb() directly.  This is
probably an optimization since both the mtrr code and __flush_tlb() write
cr4.  It would probably be safe to make that a flush_tlb_all() (and then
get these statistics), but the mtrr code is ancient and I'm hesitant to
touch it other than to just stick in the counters.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments]
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:09 -07:00
Dave Hansen
9824cf9753 mm: vmstats: tlb flush counters
I was investigating some TLB flush scaling issues and realized that we do
not have any good methods for figuring out how many TLB flushes we are
doing.

It would be nice to be able to do these in generic code, but the
arch-independent calls don't explicitly specify whether we actually need
to do remote flushes or not.  In the end, we really need to know if we
actually _did_ global vs.  local invalidations, so that leaves us with few
options other than to muck with the counters from arch-specific code.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:08 -07:00
Sunghan Suh
822518dc56 mm/zswap.c: get swapper address_space by using macro
There is a proper macro to get the corresponding swapper address space
from a swap entry.  Instead of directly accessing "swapper_spaces" array,
use the "swap_address_space" macro.

Signed-off-by: Sunghan Suh <sunghan.suh@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:08 -07:00
Oleg Nesterov
e86867720e mm: mmap_region: kill correct_wcount/inode, use allow_write_access()
correct_wcount and inode in mmap_region() just complicate the code.  This
boolean was needed previously, when deny_write_access() was called before
vma_merge(), now we can simply check VM_DENYWRITE and do
allow_write_access() if it is set.

allow_write_access() checks file != NULL, so this is safe even if it was
possible to use VM_DENYWRITE && !file.  Just we need to ensure we use the
same file which was deny_write_access()'ed, so the patch also moves "file
= vma->vm_file" down after allow_write_access().

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:07 -07:00
Oleg Nesterov
077bf22b5c mm: do_mmap_pgoff: cleanup the usage of file_inode()
Simple cleanup.  Move "struct inode *inode" variable into "if (file)"
block to simplify the code and avoid the unnecessary check.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:07 -07:00
Oleg Nesterov
b2c56e4f7d mm: shift VM_GROWS* check from mmap_region() to do_mmap_pgoff()
mmap() doesn't allow the non-anonymous mappings with VM_GROWS* bit set.
In particular this means that mmap_region()->vma_merge(file, vm_flags)
must always fail if "vm_flags & VM_GROWS" is set incorrectly.

So it does not make sense to check VM_GROWS* after we already allocated
the new vma, the only caller, do_mmap_pgoff(), which can pass this flag
can do the check itself.

And this looks a bit more correct, mmap_region() already unmapped the
old mapping at this stage. But if mmap() is going to fail, it should
avoid do_munmap() if possible.

Note: we check VM_GROWS at the end to ensure that do_mmap_pgoff() won't
return EINVAL in the case when it currently returns another error code.

Many thanks to Hugh who nacked the buggy v1.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:05 -07:00
Andrew Morton
465c47fd8d mm/swapfile.c: convert to pr_foo()
A few 80-col gymnastics were cleaned up as a result.

Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:03 -07:00
Raymond Jennings
d6bbbd29b1 swap: warn when a swap area overflows the maximum size
It is possible to swapon a swap area that is too big for the pte width
to handle.

Presently this failure happens silently.

Instead, emit a diagnostic to warn the user.

Testing results, root prompt commands and kernel log messages:

# lvresize /dev/system/swap --size 16G
# mkswap /dev/system/swap
# swapon /dev/system/swap

Jul  7 04:27:22 warfang kernel: Adding 16777212k swap
on /dev/mapper/system-swap.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:16777212k

# lvresize /dev/system/swap --size 64G
# mkswap /dev/system/swap
# swapon /dev/system/swap

Jul  7 04:27:22 warfang kernel: Truncating oversized swap area, only
using 33554432k out of 67108860k
Jul  7 04:27:22 warfang kernel: Adding 33554428k swap
on /dev/mapper/system-swap.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:33554428k

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Raymond Jennings <shentino@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:00 -07:00
Vladimir Cernov
ec9bed9d38 mm/madvise.c: fix coding-style errors
This fixes following errors:
	- ERROR: "(foo*)" should be "(foo *)"
	- ERROR: "foo ** bar" should be "foo **bar"

Signed-off-by: Vladimir Cernov <gg.kaspersky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:00 -07:00
Oleg Nesterov
ef0855d334 mm: mempolicy: turn vma_set_policy() into vma_dup_policy()
Simple cleanup.  Every user of vma_set_policy() does the same work, this
looks a bit annoying imho.  And the new trivial helper which does
mpol_dup() + vma_set_policy() to simplify the callers.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:00 -07:00
Glauber Costa
5ca302c8e5 list_lru: dynamically adjust node arrays
We currently use a compile-time constant to size the node array for the
list_lru structure.  Due to this, we don't need to allocate any memory at
initialization time.  But as a consequence, the structures that contain
embedded list_lru lists can become way too big (the superblock for
instance contains two of them).

This patch aims at ameliorating this situation by dynamically allocating
the node arrays with the firmware provided nr_node_ids.

Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-09-10 18:56:32 -04:00
Dave Chinner
a0b02131c5 shrinker: Kill old ->shrink API.
There are no more users of this API, so kill it dead, dead, dead and
quietly bury the corpse in a shallow, unmarked grave in a dark forest deep
in the hills...

[glommer@openvz.org: added flowers to the grave]
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-09-10 18:56:32 -04:00
Glauber Costa
488964666f hugepage: convert huge zero page shrinker to new shrinker API
It consists of:

* returning long instead of int
* separating count from scan
* returning the number of freed entities in scan

Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-09-10 18:56:32 -04:00